- ADF/NALU (Allied Democratic Forces/National Army for the Liberation of Uganda)
Ugandan rebel group active in western Uganda with rear bases in the DRC. Largely inactive by 2004.
- ADFL (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo)
Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance
- ALIR (Army for the Liberation of Rwanda)
Rwandan Hutu militia based in the Kivus since early 1997. A successor organization to the Interahamwe and RDR they merged with FDLR in September 2000.
- Banyamulenge
Tutsis in South Kivu active in the ADFL and in the ANC
- CNDD-FDD or just FDD (National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy)
Burundian militia
- FLC (Front de Libération du Congo)
Ugandan militia formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML. Led by Jean-Pierre Bemba from Nov. 2000-Aug. 2001 to centralize control of Equateur and Orientale provinces in 2000.
- FLN or FROLINA (National Liberation Front)
Burundian Hutu militia group led by Joseph Kalumba
- FNI (Front for Nationalist Integration)
Ugandan militia
- Interahamwe
Rwandan Hutu militia responsible for the genocide who were forced into eastern Congo, where they were known as the Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda.
- LRA (Lord’s Resistance Army)
- Mai-Mai
An umbrella term for Congolese militia groups generally opposed to foreign occupation
- MLC (Movement for the Liberation of Congo)
Ugandan-backed militia led by Jean-Pierre Bemba. Created 1998 and often used as erroneous shorthand to refer to all Ugandan-backed rebel forces in the DRC.
- NALU (National Army for the Liberation of Uganda)
Ugandan rebel group along the border with the DRC that merged into the ADF in 1996.
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- RCD (Congolese Rally for Democracy)
Rwandan rebel group, usually refers to RCD-Goma
- RCD-Congo: Faction of RCD-Goma led by Kin-Kiey Mulumba that broke off in June 2002
- RCD-Goma: A Rwandan-backed rebel group created in the town of Goma in August 1998 to fight Laurent Kabila.
- ANC (Armée Nationale Congolaise)
The military wing of RCD-Goma
- RCD-K: Ugandan-backed rebel faction led by Wamba dia Wamba that broke from RCD-Goma in March 1999. Became the RCD-ML led by Nyamwisi in September 1999. Also known as RCD-Wamba. See RCD-K/ML
- RCD-K/ML (RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération): Refers to the RCD-K that became RCD-ML
- RCD-ML: Ugandan-backed group led by Mbusa Nyamwisi. Active in North Kivu and Ituri Province. See RCD-K/ML. Is reported to be accepting arms shipments from Kinshasa, in agreement with Uganda, that are shared with the FDLR against Tutsi forces.
- APC (Armeé du Peuple Congolais) or (Armee Populaire Congolaise)
The military wing of the RCD-ML.
- RCD-N (RCD-National): Ugandan-backed rebel group led by Roger Lumbala that split from the RCD-K/ML and is now allied with the MLC
- RDR (Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda)
Rwandan Hutu militia, successor organization to the Interahamwe in Congo that morphed into the ALIR.
- SPLA (Sudanese People’s Liberation Army)
Sudanese militia
- UNITA (National Union for Total Independence of Angola)
Angolan faction; officially demilitarised in 2002.
- UPC (Union of Congolese Patriots)
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Political Parties
United Nations
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