User:Arbiteroftruth/Republic of China (1912)

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This page deals with Republic of China as it existed before its relocation to Taiwan. For Republic of China as it exists today, please see Republic of China

中華民國 Jhonghuá Mínguó Republic of China Relocated to Taiwan in 1949 ←   ← 1912 – 1949 →   → Flag from 1912 to 1928 Motto None Anthem The Song of the Five Banner Republic (五旗共和歌) (1912, Provisional) The Song to the Auspicious Cloud (卿雲歌) (1913-1915, 1916-1926) The Song of the Citizen's Revolution (國民革命歌) (1926-1937) National Anthem of the Republic of China (中華民國國歌) (since 1937) Territories ruled Capital Nanking Capital-in-exile Taipei (post-1949) Language(s) Mandarin Religion none Political structure Republic President of the Republic of China  - 1912 (Provisional) Sun Yat-sen  - 1912-1916 Yuan Shikai  - 1928-1931, 1943-1949 Chiang Kai-shek  - 1949 Li Zongren Legislature Legislative Yuan  - Legislative Body National Assembly of the Republic of China History  - Start of Xinhai Revolution 10 October 1911  - Established 1 January 1912  - Abdication of Emperor Puyi of the Qing Dynasty 12 February 1912  - Disestablishment in favour of Empire of China 12 December 1915-1916  - The Warlord Era 1916-1928  - Restoration and Reunification 1928  - Relocation to Taiwan 1949

The Republic of China (Chinese: 中華民國) is a state in East Asia that, since 1912, ruled all or part of the constituent territories controlled by the Qing Dynasty upon its demise in 1912. It was the sole government of China until its relocation to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War. Since then, The Republic of China has ruled the island of Taiwan, along with some outlying islands, while the People's Republic of China ruled most of the former territories that constitutes the Republic of China.

Contents 1 History 2 Administrative Division 2.1 History 2.2 1949 Division

[edit] History

Main article: History of the Republic of China

The foundation of the Republic of China was laid in the twilight days of the Qing (Manchu) Empire. after experiencing dramatic growth and unparalleled power during the reign of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, the empire began to suffer from inertia and external forces. In the face of an antiquated government infrastructure, and conservative politicians who squashed any efforts on reform, movements began to form with a mission to begin a revolution to replace the government.

[edit] Administrative Division

[edit] History

In the periods immediately after establishment, the government reformed the complex administrative division system that was established by the Qing Dynasty to a system which composed of three levels:

• Provinces (省 shěng)
• Circuits (道 dào)
• Counties (縣 xiàn)

Soon after, attempts were made to abolish the circuits in 1928 for being superfluous, but the reform was soon found to be unfeasible, as this left some provinces with more than 100 counties. Plans were floated immediately afterwards to abolish provinces instead, in favour of a system of 70 circuits. However, the plan was not put into action, and instead the government began to establish more provinces, and added more levels below the county. Circuits was officially abolished soon afterwards.

[edit] 1949 Division

In 1949, the government divided the nation under the following plan:

• 35 Provinces (省)
• 1 Special Administrative Region (特別行政區)
• 12 Directly Administered Cities (直轄市)
• 2 Regions (地方)
• 2 Management Bureaus (管理局)
• 34 Bureaus (設治局)
• 14 Leagues (盟, excluding the Leagues in Mongolia)
• 4 Special banners (特別旗)