Apolipoprotein C3

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Apolipoprotein C-III
Identifiers
Symbol(s) APOC3; APOCIII; MGC150353
External IDs OMIM: 107720 MGI: 88055 HomoloGene: 81615
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 345 11814
Ensembl ENSG00000110245 ENSMUSG00000032081
Uniprot P02656 P33622
Refseq NM_000040 (mRNA)
NP_000031 (protein)		 NM_023114 (mRNA)
NP_075603 (protein)
Location Chr 11: 116.21 - 116.21 Mb Chr 9: 45.98 - 45.99 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Apolipoprotein C-III is a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) protein. APOC3 inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase; it is thought to delay catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles. The APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 genes are closely linked in both rat and human genomes. The A-I and A-IV genes are transcribed from the same strand, while the A-1 and C-III genes are convergently transcribed. An increase in apoC-III levels induces the development of hypertriglyceridemia.

Contents

[edit] See also

Lately, two novel susceptibility haplotypes i.e. P2-S2-X1 and P1-S2-X1 have been discovered in ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster on chromosme 11q23, who confer approximately threefold higher risk of coronary heart disease in normal [3] as well as non-insulin diabetes mellitus[4].

[edit] External links

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

  • Singh PP, Singh M, Kaur TP, Grewal SS (2007). "A novel haplotype in ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene region is detrimental to Northwest Indians with coronary heart disease". Int J Cardiol. PMID 17825930. 
  • Singh PP, Singh M, Gaur S, Grewal SS (2007). "The ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster and its relation to lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease: determination of a novel susceptible haplotype.". Diab Vasc Dis Res 4 (2): 124–29. PMID 17654446. 
  • von Eckardstein A, Holz H, Sandkamp M, et al. (1991). "Apolipoprotein C-III(Lys58----Glu). Identification of an apolipoprotein C-III variant in a family with hyperalphalipoproteinemia.". J. Clin. Invest. 87 (5): 1724–31. PMID 2022742. 
  • Karathanasis SK, Zannis VI, Breslow JL (1985). "Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones corresponding to two different human apoC-III alleles.". J. Lipid Res. 26 (4): 451–6. PMID 2989400. 
  • Karathanasis SK, Oettgen P, Haddad IA, Antonarakis SE (1986). "Structure, evolution, and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene (APOA4).". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (22): 8457–61. PMID 3095836. 
  • Maeda H, Hashimoto RK, Ogura T, et al. (1988). "Molecular cloning of a human apoC-III variant: Thr 74----Ala 74 mutation prevents O-glycosylation.". J. Lipid Res. 28 (12): 1405–9. PMID 3123586. 
  • Karathanasis SK (1985). "Apolipoprotein multigene family: tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV genes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (19): 6374–8. PMID 3931073. 
  • Zannis VI, Cole FS, Jackson CL, et al. (1985). "Distribution of apolipoprotein A-I, C-II, C-III, and E mRNA in fetal human tissues. Time-dependent induction of apolipoprotein E mRNA by cultures of human monocyte-macrophages.". Biochemistry 24 (16): 4450–5. PMID 3931677. 
  • Shelley CS, Sharpe CR, Baralle FE, Shoulders CC (1986). "Comparison of the human apolipoprotein genes. Apo AII presents a unique functional intron-exon junction.". J. Mol. Biol. 186 (1): 43–51. PMID 3935800. 
  • Hospattankar AV, Brewer HB, Ronan R, Fairwell T (1986). "Amino acid sequence of human plasma apolipoprotein C-III from normolipidemic subjects.". FEBS Lett. 197 (1-2): 67–73. PMID 3949020. 
  • Brewer HB, Shulman R, Herbert P, et al. (1974). "The complete amino acid sequence of alanine apolipoprotein (apoC-3), and apolipoprotein from human plasma very low density lipoproteins.". J. Biol. Chem. 249 (15): 4975–84. PMID 4846755. 
  • Karathanasis SK, McPherson J, Zannis VI, Breslow JL (1983). "Linkage of human apolipoproteins A-I and C-III genes.". Nature 304 (5924): 371–3. PMID 6308458. 
  • Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS, et al. (1984). "Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance.". Nucleic Acids Res. 12 (9): 3917–32. PMID 6328445. 
  • Law SW, Gray G, Brewer HB (1983). "cDNA cloning of human apoA-I: amino acid sequence of preproapoA-I.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 112 (1): 257–64. PMID 6404278. 
  • Protter AA, Levy-Wilson B, Miller J, et al. (1985). "Isolation and sequence analysis of the human apolipoprotein CIII gene and the intergenic region between the apo AI and apo CIII genes.". DNA 3 (6): 449–56. PMID 6439535. 
  • Levy-Wilson B, Appleby V, Protter A, et al. (1985). "Isolation and DNA sequence of full-length cDNA for human preapolipoprotein CIII.". DNA 3 (5): 359–64. PMID 6548954. 
  • Dammerman M, Sandkuijl LA, Halaas JL, et al. (1993). "An apolipoprotein CIII haplotype protective against hypertriglyceridemia is specified by promoter and 3' untranslated region polymorphisms.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (10): 4562–6. PMID 8099442. 
  • Wu JH, Kao JT, Wen MS, Lo SK (2000). "DNA polymorphisms at the apolipoprotein A1-CIII loci in Taiwanese: correlation of plasma APOCIII with triglyceride level and body mass index.". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 99 (5): 367–74. PMID 10870325. 
  • Geraci MW, Moore M, Gesell T, et al. (2001). "Gene expression patterns in the lungs of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: a gene microarray analysis.". Circ. Res. 88 (6): 555–62. PMID 11282888. 
  • Inoue Y, Miyazaki M, Tsuji T, et al. (2002). "Reactivation of liver-specific gene expression in an immortalized human hepatocyte cell line by introduction of the human HNF4alpha2 gene.". Int. J. Mol. Med. 8 (5): 481–7. PMID 11605014. 
  • Pastier D, Lacorte JM, Chambaz J, et al. (2002). "Two initiator-like elements are required for the combined activation of the human apolipoprotein C-III promoter by upstream stimulatory factor and hepatic nuclear factor-4.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17): 15199–206. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200227200. PMID 11839757. 
  • Chhabra S, Narang R, Krishnan LR, et al. (2002). "Apolipoprotein C3 SstI polymorphism and triglyceride levels in Asian Indians.". BMC Genet. 3: 9. PMID 12052247. 
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