Apis nigrocincta
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| Philippine Honey Bee | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Apis nigrocincta F. Smith, 1861 |
Apis nigrocincta is a species of honey bee that inhabits the Philippine islands of Mindanao and Sangihe as well as the Indonesian island of Celebes or Sulawesi.
The species builds nests in cavities like the closely related Apis cerana. In fact, there are few substantial differences between the two species: the genitals of the respective drones, for instance, are identical. However, there are small morphological differences, genetic polymorphism in the mitochondrial DNA, as well as behavioral differences.
In areas where the A. cerana and A. nigrocincta live together, they can most immediately be distinguished by their coloration and size: A. cerana tends to be darker and smaller, while A. nigrocincta tends to be larger and have a yellowish clypeus (the lower area of the face).
The architecture of the colonies is also a point of difference: the opening of the drone cell of A. cerana is covered in wax, under which there is a conical cocoon with a central hole or pore. In A. nigrocincta, however, the cell of the drone has a narrow opening, without a hard wax cap and hole. In addition, the queens of A. nigrocincta generally create colonies with greater numbers of drones than those of A. cerana.
Another noticeable behavioral difference between the species is the time of day at which they prefer to gather pollen.
A. nigrocincta contracts the parasite-caused honey bee disease Varroatosis by playing host to the species of Varroa mite known as Varroa underwoodi. In this way, they are similar to Apis cerana nuluensis, which is also susceptible to the same species of parasite.
[edit] References
- Hadisoesilo S., Otis G.W., Meixner M. "Two distinct populations of cavity-nesting honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of the Kansas Entomology Society. Vol 68 (1995), 399–407.
- Smith D.R., Hagen R.H. "The biogeography of Apis cerana as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data". Journal of the Kansas Entomology Society. Vol 69 (1996), 294–310.
- Smith D.R., Villafuerte L., Otis G., Palmer M.R. "Biogeography of Apis cerana F. and A. nigrocincta Smith: insights from mtDNA studies", Apidologie 31 (200), 265–280.
