Antidesma
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 Hame (Antidesma platyphyllum) - habit
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See Species section |
Antidesma is a tropical plant genus of about 170 species from the family Phyllanthaceae. It consists of shrubs or trees, up to 30 m, growing in evergreen forests. They occur in the Old World Tropics and mainly in Southeast Asia, but also in tropical Australia, Africa and the Pacific Islands. There are 18 species and five varieties of Antidesma endemic to Thailand.
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[edit] Synonymy
The genus Antidesma is also known as several other names:
[edit] Description
The evergreen (sometimes deciduous) simple leaves have fine hairs and show no glands. They grow in an alternate arrangement, with entire, symmetrical blades. They are connected to the stem with a petiole (= leaf stalk) and stipules (= appendage at the base of a leaf stalk).
The flowers grow in a raceme, with 1 bract per flower, on a short pedicel (tiny stalk, supporting a single flower). Their color is light yellowish green, but may turn red when mature. These plants are dioecious, i.e. unisexual, with male and female flowers on separate plants. There are 3 to 8 fused sepals, but no petals. The male flowers have 2 to 8 stamens, but no pistils. The female flowers have 2 to 6 stigmas. They have a 1-locular ovary with 2 ovules.
The globose to ellipsoid fruits resemble a drupe. Their color varies from green to white, red and black. The fleshy and juicy fruits are edible with a sour to bitter sweet taste.
[edit] Species
Here is a list of Antidesma species, with each species's distribution in parentheses:
- Antidesma acidum : (Thailand)
- Antidesma acuminatissimum
- Antidesma agusanense : (Philippines)
- Antidesma angustifolium : (Philippines)
- Antidesma aruanum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma baccatum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma boridiense : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma brachyobotrys : (Malaysia, Borneo)
- Antidesma bunius - bignay, current tree, currentwood, wild cherry (Queensland, Southeast Asia)
- Antidesma bunius var. bunius
- Antidesma bunius var. pubescens
- Antidesma calvescens
- Antidesma cambodianum
- Antidesma catanduense : (Philippines)
- Antidesma celebicum : (Sulawesi)
- Antidesma chalaranthum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma cinnamomifolium : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma clementis : (Philippines)
- Antidesma cochinchinense
- Antidesma concinnum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma contractum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma cordato-stipulaceum : (The Philippines)
- Antidesma cordatum : (Malaysia, Borneo)
- Antidesma coriaceum : (Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi)
- Antidesma coriifolium : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma costulatum
- Antidesma cruciforme : (Malaysia).
- Antidesma cumingii : (Philippines, Sulawesi)
- Antidesma curranii : (Philippines)
- Antidesma cuspidatum : (Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi)
- Antidesma dallachyanum : Herbert River cherry (Queensland)
- Antidesma decandrum
- Antidesma diandrum : (Java)
- Antidesma digitaliforme: (Philippines)
- Antidesma discolor : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma diversifolium : (Sumatra)
- Antidesma edule
- Antidesma erostre : wild currant, currantwood (New Guinea)
- Antidesma elassophyllum
- Antidesma ferrugineum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma forbesii : (Sumatra)
- Antidesma fructiferum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma fusicarpum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma ghaesembilla : black tree (Australia, Southeast Asia)
- Antidesma gillespieanum
- Antidesma globuligerum : (Sulawesi)
- Antidemesma hainanense
- Antidesma helferi : (Malaysia, Thailand)
- Antidesma henryi
- Antidesma heterophyllum : (Java)
- Antidesma hosei : (Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra)
- Antidesma ilocanum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma impressinerve : (Philippines)
- Antidesma insulare
- Antidesma japonicum : (Japan, Thailand, Malaysia)
- Antidesma japonicum var. japonicum
- Antidesma japonicum var. robustius
- Antidesma jucundum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma katikii : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma kerrii : (Thailand)
- Antidesma kusaiense
- Antidesma laciniatum : (Aduigbo, Nigeria)
- Antidesma laurifolium : (Thailand, Malaysia)
- Antidesma ledermannianum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma leptocladum : (Thailand, Philippines)
- Antidesma leucocladon : (Malaysia, Sumatra)
- Antidesma leucopodum var. kinbaluense : (Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo)
- Antidesma linearifolium : (Borneo)
- Antidesma longipes : (Malaysia)
- Antidesma lucidum
- Antidesma luzonicum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma macgregorii : (Philippines)
- Antidesma maclurei
- Antidesma martabanicum : (Thailand)
- Antidesma megalophyllum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma membranaceum : (Asofeyeje, Nigeria)
- Antidesma membranaefolium
- Antidesma menasu
- Antidesma microcarpum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma microphyllum : (Thailand)
- Antidesma mindanaense : (Philippines)
- Antidesma minus : (Java)
- Antidesma moluccanum : (Sulawesi, New Guinea)
- Antidesma montanum : (Southeast Asia)
- Antidesma montanum var. microcarpum
- Antidesma montanum var. microphyllum
- Antidesma montanum var. montanum
- Antidesma montanum var. salicinum
- Antidesma montanum var. wallichii
- Antidesma montis-silam : (Borneo)
- Antidesma mucronatum : (Sumatra)
- Antidesma myriocarmum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma myriocarpum var. puberulum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma neurocarpum : (Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo)
- Antidesma nienkui : (Thailand)
- Antidesma novoguineense : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma nitidum
- Antidesma obliquicarpum
- Antidesma obliquinervium : (Philippines)
- Antidesma oblongifolium : (Sumatra)
- Antidesma oligoneurum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma olivaceum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma orarium : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma orthogyne : (Thailand, Malaysia)
- Antidesma pachystachys : (Malaysia)
- Antidesma pahangense : (Malaysia)
- Antidesma palembanicum : (Sumatra)
- Antidesma paxii : (Thailand)
- Antidesma pedicellare : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma pendulum : (Malaysia, Borneo)
- Antidesma pentandrum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma pentandrum var. angustifolium
- Antidesma perakense : (Malaysia)
- Antidesma persimile : (Malaysia)
- Antidesma petiolare
- Antidesma petiolatum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma phanerophlebium : (Philippines, Sulawesi)
- Antidesma plagiorrhynchum : (Sumatra)
- Antidesma platyphyllum : Ha’a, Hame (Hawaii)
- Antidesma platyphyllum hillebrandii : Hillebrand’s Ha’a
- Antidesma pleuricum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma polyanthum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma polystylum : (Borneo)
- Antidesma pseudopetiolatum (New Guinea)
- Antidesma puncticulatum
- Antidesma pyrifolium
- Antidesma ramosii : (Philippines)
- Antidesma rhynchophyllum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma riparium : (Borneo)
- Antidesma rotatum
- Antidesma roxburgii
- Antidesma rufescens
- Antidesma salicinum : (Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo)
- Antidesma samarense : (Philippines)
- Antidesma santosii : (Philippines)
- Antidesma sarcocarpum : (Philippines, New Guinea)
- Antidesma sootepense : (Thailand)
- Antidesma spatulifolium : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma sphaerocarpum : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma spicatum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma stenocarpum : (Borneo)
- Antidesma stenophyllum : (Borneo)
- Antidesma stipulare: (Southeast Asia)
- Antidesma subcordatum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma subcordatum var. glabrescens
- Antidesma subolivaceum : (Philippines)
- Antidesma tagulae : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma tenuifolium
- Antidesma tetrandrum : (Java, Sulawesi)
- Antidesma thwaitesianum : (Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines)
- Antidesma tomentosum : (Southeast Asia)
- Antidesma trichophyllum
- Antidesma urdanetense
- Antidesma vaccinioides : (New Guinea)
- Antidesma velutinosum : (Thailand, Malaysia, Java)
- Antidesma velutinum : (Thailand, Malaysia)
- Antidesma venenosum : (Borneo)
- Antidesma venosum : (Aroro, Nigeria)
- Antidesma vogelianum : (Ojuat kachi, Nigeria)
- Antidesma yunnanense : (China)
- Antidesma zippelii : (Lesser Sunda Islands)
[edit] References
- Hoffmann, P. 1999. The genus Antidesma (Euphorbiaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. Kew Bulletin 54: 877 - 885.
- Antidesma (Flora of Thailand)
- Malaysian Euphorbiaceae
