Anglo-Bavarian Brewery
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The Anglo-Bavarian Brewery was established in Shepton Mallet in Somerset, England in 1864 as the first lager brewery in the United Kingdom.[1] It closed in 1920. The building, now the Anglo Trading Estate, is a grade II* listed building.[2]
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[edit] 1864 to 1914 – Establishment and Growth
The brewery was built for Morrice, Cox and Clarke of London, and was initially called the Shepton Mallet Pale Ale Brewery. In 1871, the business was sold by auction to Hill, Garton and Company of Southampton, who subsequently expanded and modernised it. In 1872 the Pale Ale Brewery was renamed the Anglo-Bavarian Brewery in reference to the employment, by the new owners, of some brewers from Bavaria in order to produce a German-style beer, and it appears that what is now called lager was brewed from that year.
The brewery site was lit throughout by electricity by 1889, generated by a dynamo powered by a steam engine, allowing work to continue at night. In 1890 the brewery employed over 200 people (compared with about 50 in the early 1870s).
There was no natural source of water on the brewery site and so water was supplied by the local water company. This was sufficient for a while but by the end of 19th century an additional source was required. A spring was discovered at Bowlish which proved able to provide seemingly unlimited supplies of very pure water.
Disposal of the effluents produced by the brewery were also a major problem and pollution of the River Sheppey was a source of much discontent amongst land owners further down the valley from 1877 until the closure of the brewery in 1921.
In 1890 it was reported that the beer brewed at the Anglo-Bavarian was sold throughout England and the Channel Islands by 250 agents. However the brewery’s main area of sales was export. Beginning in 1875, beer was transported to a bottler in London, from where it was shipped to Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa, South America and the West Indies. Overseas sales were in the order of 1.8 million bottles per year.
As well as providing employment to Shepton Mallet, the Anglo-Bavarian Brewery also provided the services of its fire brigade to the town (and the wider surrounding area) between 1868 and 1921. The brewery fire brigade were called upon many times, most notably in 1904 for a fire at Shepton Mallet Prison.
[edit] 1914 to 1921 – Decline and Closure
The reasons for the decline of the Anglo-Bavarian Brewery are various. Amongst them is anti-German feeling following the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. The inclusion of the word Bavarian on the label of the brewery’s bottles led to them being removed from shop shelves throughout the United Kingdom and overseas. The Brewery and its beer were quickly re-named as Anglo but this did not have much effect and trade rapidly declined. The post-war recession and the rise of the Temperance movement also helped to damage the chances of the Shepton Mallet brewery returning to its earlier levels of success.
By 1920 the brewery was employing only a few men and the Garton Company which still owned the Anglo Brewery was reviewing its business interests. In April 1921 all of the machinery, plant and other fittings of the brewery were put up for sale by auction, from the office furniture to the one remaining cart horse named Darling. In August of that year the brewery site itself, and all of the brewery’s lands including Bowlish House, was also put up for auction.
[edit] 1927 to 1947 – Resurrection and Requisition
The brewery buildings were again put up for sale in 1926, this time for demolition purposes. However there was little interest and the site remained intact. In 1927 the site was bought by a Mr Bennett who began to install new machinery, and by 1934 a new Anglo-Bavarian Brewery company was registered to once again carry on beer and cider production.
The word Bavarian was dropped again as the outbreak of the Second World War approached and in 1939 the brewery site (and all the machinery) was requisitioned by the Air Ministry. (Cider production was transferred to a site in Darshill under the name of the Anglo Apple Mills.)
[edit] 1947 to date – The Anglo Trading Estate, and proposals for future development
After the War, half the site was restored to the Bennett family, but again without any machinery which had been removed to aid the war effort. In April 1947 the buildings began their new life as the Anglo Trading Estate, providing warehousing and distribution to a range of expanding local businesses such as Clarks the shoe-makers. The Air Ministry returned the remainder of the site in 1964.
Ownership of the Trading Estate later passed to J H Haskins & Son Ltd, owners of the prominent furniture store in Shepton Mallet. In March 2008, they published plans to redevelop the site to include a hotel and conference facilities, as well as shops, offices, pubs, cafes, restaurants, a recording studio and housing.[3]
[edit] References
Davis, Fred. The Anglo: The History of the Anglo Bavarian Brewery, Shepton Mallet, 1864-1994. J H Haskins & Son Ltd. ISBN 0-9524646-0-6.
- ^ "First lager brew house 'at risk': Britain's first lager brewery has been added to English Heritage's endangered properties list.", BBC News, June 30, 2004. Accessed January 12, 2008.
- ^ Anglo Trading Estate (former Brewery now warehouses). Images of England. Retrieved on 2006-10-25.
- ^ “Proposals for brewery”, Shepton Mallet Journal, 2008-03-27, <http://www.thisisshepton.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=221529&command=displayContent&sourceNode=222230&contentPK=20243636&folderPk=103699&pNodeId=222249> and “Plan for hotel at brewery”, Shepton Mallet Journal, 2008-04-17, <http://thisissomerset.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=147490&command=displayContent&sourceNode=147478&contentPK=20411838&moduleName=InternalSearch&formname=sidebarsearch>
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