Andriy Livytskyi
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| Andriy Livytskyi Андрій Миколайович Лівицький |
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1st President of UPR in exile
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| In office May, 1926 – January, 1954 |
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| Preceded by | Symon Petliura |
| Succeeded by | Stepan Vytvytskyi |
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| Born | 9 April 1879 Lyplyavo, Russian Empire |
| Died | 17 January 1954 (aged 74) Karlsruhe, Germany |
| Nationality | Ukrainian |
Andriy Mykolaiovych Livytskyi (Ukrainian: Андрій Миколайович Лівицький) (9 April 1879 in Lyplyavo in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine)[1] — 17 January 1954 in Karlsruhe, Germany) was best known as the president of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile (1926-1954).
[edit] Biography
Andriy Livytskyi was born on 9 April 1879 in Lyplyavo, Russian Empire (now Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine) into an old Cossack family. He finished the Gymnasium of Pavlo Halahana in Kiev, and later went on to study at the mathematical and juridical faculties of the St. Volodymyr Kiev University in 1896. After obtaining his university diploma in 1903, he served in the Lubny Circuit Court, and then, since 1905, he was a barrister of the Kharkiv Court Chamber, and in 1913–1917 an elected judge of Zolotonoshskyi Raion in the Poltava Governorate. In his studential years, he took part in the Ukrainian independence movement, heading the one of the organization's bases in Kiev. In 1897 and 1899 he was held in the Lukianivska Prison in Kiev for participation in protests. He was expelled from the university and exiled to Poltava Governorate under the secret surveillance of police for taking part in the student's strike of 1899.
From 1901, he belonged to the Revolutionary Party of Ukraine, heading the party in its headquarters in Lubny. Since 1917, he was a member of the Tsentralna Rada (Central Rada) and the Peasant Union. In the period of the Hetmanate (1918), he was a member of the Ukrainian National Union, in opposition to the government of Pavlo Skoropadskyi. In the time of the Directorate of Ukraine, he was one of the founders of the party, Labour Congress of Ukraine. He was the Minister of Justice and the deputy of the Rada of National Ministers of the UPR in 1919, the head of the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Ivan Mazepa[2] in 1919, and from October 14 to November 18, 1920 – a Prime Minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic.
Since October of 1919, he was in the delegation of Ukrainian diplomats in Warsaw, where he was working on the formation of the Ukrainian-Polish agreement, which was signed in 1920. After the defeat of Ukrainian nationalistic-independence movement, he was forced to emigrate. From 1920-1948, he was the head of the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) in exile. After Symon Petliura's assassination, he became the head of the Directorate of Ukraine and assumed the post of the Chief Otaman of the Ukrainian People's Republic Army in exile in 1926.
Since that time to the time of his death, he headed the government of the UPR. He lived in Warsaw under constant watch of the Polish Police. After the end of World War II, Livytskyi had goals of consolidating his political activities, and reorganizing the government of the UPR in exile, which its first session was opened on July 16, 1948 in Augsburg, Germany. In cooperation with Ivan Mazepa,[2] he created the Ukrainian National Rada in exile in 1948.
He died on 17 January 1954 in Karlsruhe, Germany, and was later buried in a cemetery in Munich and later his ashes were transferred to Ukrainian Memorial Cemetery in Bound Brook in the vicinity of New York City, United States.
[edit] External links
- Inline
- ^ The area where Andriy Livytskyi was born was in the Zolotonoshsky Uyezd of the Poltava Governorate, now the Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine.
- ^ a b This Ivan Mazepa is not to be confused with Ivan Mazepa, a Cossack Hetman in the 17th-18th centuries.
- nbuv.gov.ua - Biography of Andrey Nikolaevich Livitsky (Ukrainian)
- kmu.gov.ua - Another biography of Andriy Mykolaiovych Livytskyi. Available in Ukrainian
- proekt-wms.narod.ru - Biograph about Andrey Nikolaevich Livitsky (Russian)
| Preceded by None |
President of Ukrainian People's Republic in exile 1926–1954 |
Succeeded by Stepan Vytvytskyi |
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