Andrija Zmajević
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Andrija Zmajević (late July 1628, Perast, Most Serene Republic of Venice-7 September 1694, Perast, Republic of Venice) was a distinguished Serbian Baroque poet and contributor to the Roman Catholic Church from the Bay of Kotor. He was also a prominent theologian and the Archbishop of Bar and "Primate of the Serbian Kingdom".
The illustrious Zmajević family originates from the Njeguš Old Montenegrin Serb clan: when the last members of the Crnojević dynasty left Montenegro, Nikola Zmajević and his cousins Ivaniš and Vučeta moved to Kotor. Becoming appealed and somewhat wealthy, the family quickly abandoned Serbian Orthodoxy in favor of Roman Catholicism, with the three marrying Catholic Christian girls and having their children baptized in the Latin Rite. Andrija's father was Nikola Milutin Zmajević. After Andrija's birth in 1628, soon came Andrija's brothers, Ivan and Krsto. Krsto would become a very famous person, on more than one occasion the Captain of Perast. Andrija remained very akin towards his family origin throughout his life.
The Franciscans held an elementary school since 1638 in the private home of the Mazarović family. After attending this poor school for a short time, Andrija moved to Kotor to earn some better education. As the first man of the Congregation for Propaganda of Faith he travels to Rome to their Institution "Urbino", where he earned a PhD in Philosophy and Theology. Andrija quickly raised to prominence in Rome. In July 1651 at the request of Jeronim Pastrić of Split, he was accepted into the Brotherhood of Saint Geronimo along with eight other young priests, all of whom come from Dalmatia. Andrija begins his literal career there, as a student. When the ex Swedish Queen Christine moved to Rome and paid an honorary visit to the College for Propagation of the Faith, Andrija was one the 42 young students that dedicated poems and speeches to her in 26 different languages.
On 15 April 1654 the Ottoman Turks from Herzegovina under the leadership of Mehmed-pasa Rizvanbegović assaulted Andrija's hometown Perast; his brother Krsto heroically defended the city. Andrija wrote a poem "Boj peraški" (Battle of Perast) dedicated to celebrating this event. Some half a century ago the last remaining copy of this work was lost.
He returned to his home and became the abbot of the local monastery of St. George and the pastor of Perast (1656). In 1664 he became the vicar of Budva bishopric and in 1671 the titular archbishop of Bar and primate of the Kingdom of Serbia. As both Bar and the rest of Montenegro were under Ottoman control, Zmajević resided in Perast where he built a grand palace called Biskupija ("Bishop's palace"). The palace was frescoed by his protegé, the talented local painter Tripo Kokolja. Biskupija also contained one of the most significant libraries in the eastern Adriatic. He also supervised the building of the high bell tower of the parish church and of many other churches round the Bay of Kotor (Boka kotorska). Zmajević was interested as well in classical antiquities and collected Roman inscriptions and ruins. Although a high Catholic prelate Zmajević remained very tolerant and highly esteemed by both the Catholics and the Orthodox, among the latter by Arsenije Čarnojević, the Serbian patriarch, also of the Njeguš clan.
He died in 1694 and was buried in the chapel by the palace that he erected.
He also collected epic and lyric folk songs and transcribed works of the poets of Dubrovnik, notably Gundulić. His only published work, the song "Od pakla" ("Hell") saw the light of day in Venice in 1727. All of his other works remained in manuscripts. He wrote:
- Hronika or Ljetopis crkveni (Church Annals or Church Chronicles) illustrated by himself and Tripo Kokolja
- Svadja Lazarevih kćeri, Brankovice i Miloševice ("The Quarrel of Lazar’s daughters, wife of Branko and wife of Miloš")
- Peraški boj ("The Battle of Perast").
- Slovinskoj Dubravi (Of Slavic Dubrovnik")
- Tripu Škuri ("Of Tripo Škura)
Zmajević wrote both in cyrillic and in Latin scripts. Zmajević called the language in which he wrote "Slavic" (slovinski). He justified his decision to write in Cyrillic letters since "the whole of our nation uses it" (kojim se služi čitava naša nacija). His inspiration comes both from current events and from Serbian history and epic so that he often mentions Nemanja, Miloš Obilić and other historical and legendary figures.
[edit] References
- Prednjegoševsko doba, Titograd 1963.
- Književnost na tlu Crne Gore i Boke Kotorske od XVI do XVIII veka, Miroslav Pantić
