Andrew Summers Rowan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
This article does not cite any references or sources. (January 2008) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
 |
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject {{{1}}}|WikiProject {{{1}}}]] may be able to help recruit one. |
[[Category:{{{1}}} articles needing expert attention]]
|
|
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008) |
Andrew Summers Rowan (April 23, 1857-January 10, 1943) was an American Army officer who served as the liaison between the United States and Cuban rebels led by General Calixto García during the Spanish American War.
Rowan was born in Gap Mills, Virginia in 1857. He enrolled at West Point at the age of twenty and was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1881. In the years before the Spanish American War, Rowan served several frontier posts and with military intelligence in Latin America. He was interested in Cuba in particular and wrote a book about the island.
With tensions between the United States and the Spanish (who then ruled Cuba) growing, President William McKinley saw value in establishing contact with the Cuban rebels who could prove a valuable ally in case of war with Spain. McKinley asked Colonel Arthur Wagner to suggest an officer to make contact with Garcia's rebels. Wagner suggested Rowan who then traveled to Cuba via Jamaica. Rowan met Garcia in the Oriente Mountains and established a rapport. Rowan garnered information from Garcia who was eager to cooperate with Americans in fighting the Spanish. Rowan returned to the US and was given command of a force of "Immunes", African-American troops assumed to be immune to tropical diseases found in Cuba.
After the war, artist and publisher Elbert Hubbard wrote a passage entitled A Message to Garcia extolling the virtues of Rowan and urging Americans to unquestioningly follow any directive. Finding appeal in this message, industrial and military leaders ordered millions of copies of the text to distribute to their workers and soldiers making it a best-seller. It was translated into several languages and sold internationally.
Rowan died in the Presidio of San Francisco in 1943. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
