Anderson orthogonality theorem

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The Anderson orthogonality theorem is a theorem in physics by the physicist P. W. Anderson.

It relates to the introduction of a magnetic impurity in a metal. When a magnetic impurity is introduced into a metal, the conduction electrons will tend to screen the potential $V (r)$ that the impurity creates. The N-electron ground state for the system when $V (r) = 0$ , which corresponds to the absence of the impurity and $V(r) \neq 0$ , which corresponds to the introduction of the impurity are orthogonal.