American Line
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The American Line was a shipping company based in Philadelphia that existed from 1871 to 1902. In its original guise it was a part of the Pennsylvania Railroad, although the railroad got out of the shipping business soon after founding the company. It was a part of the International Navigation Co., with the American Line generally handling traffic between the United States ports of Philadelphia and New York City and the British ports of Liverpool and Southampton. Sister company Red Star Line handled traffic between America and the European continent, primarily through Antwerp, Belgium. The company's most prominent president was Clement Griscom, who led the company from 1888 to 1902 and worked as a company executive for its entire existence. During its existence the company was the largest American shipping company, rivalled only by the smaller, Baltimore-based Atlantic Transport Lines, although this distinction is a marginal one as all American oceanic shipping concerns were dwarfed by British companies such as the Cunard Line and German ones such as HAPAG.
The company became much larger when it bought out the Inman Line in 1886. In 1902, Griscom decided to merge his company with several other lines to create the International Mercantile Marine Company. The American name continued to exist under the IMM banner, but it was not until the trust's failure in 1932 that the American pieces of the combine were once again solely under the American flag, this time in the guise of United States Lines.
[edit] Ships
The first four American Line ships built were the Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Other famous American liners included the former Inman twins City of New York and City of Paris, and St. Louis and St. Paul. Most American liners were built by the Philadelphia shipyard William Cramp and Sons.
[edit] References
Flayhart, William Henry III (2000). The American Line 1871-1902 (New York, W.W. Norton & Co.), ISBN 0-393-04710-5
