Ambleteuse

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Coordinates: 50°48′37″N 1°36′26″E / 50.8102777778, 1.60722222222

Administration
Commune of Ambleteuse
Location

Country	France
Region	Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Department	Pas-de-Calais
Arrondissement	Boulogne-sur-Mer
Canton	Marquise
Intercommunality	Communauté de communes de la Terre des Deux Caps
Mayor	Paul Malahude
Statistics
Elevation	0 m–77 m (avg. 25 m)
Land area^¹	5,45 km²
Population^² (1999)	1976
- Density	362/km²
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	62025/ 62164
¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
² Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once.

Ambleteuse is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.

1 History
2 Population
3 Places and monuments
4 Personalities linked with the town
5 See also
6 External links

[edit] History

The Slack River estuary

Ambleteuse began as a hamlet of a few huts in the middle of the dunes, from which the derisory name of “carcahuttes" (huts made from old-boat hulls) was once given to its inhabitants by their neighbors at Audresselles. The reason for its existence relates to the temporary needs of various invaders for conquering people from either side of the English Channel. Ambleteuse is one of the candidates for the harbour that Julius Caesar used to set out from for his invasion of Britain in 54 BC, though Boulogne-sur-Mer is the more usually accepted site.

The origin of the name of Ambleteuse remains uncertain. Some scolars claim it has Celtic origins ( Ambleat), but that does not exclude the etymology "Hamel Thuys", a name given by the Saxons in the 6th century, as they too used the harbour when they emigrated to Great Britain.

Henry VIII of England had two forts built here to maintain a show of power towards the French kings. These were eventually conquered in 1556, by the forces of Henry II of France, who, having killed all the English prisoners, then found a stock of coal in the fort. This was the first time that its use was noted on the continent.

Vauban's fort

At the end of the 17th century, Sébastien Vauban constructed Fort Mahon at the mouth of the river Slack. This is the only coastal fort that’s been preserved, thanks to restoration promoted by Dr. Méraut and the geologist Monsieur Destombe, who together created the "Association of the friends of Ambleteuse Fort" in 1960.

Napoleon modified the estuary of the Slack to create a harbour, from where he planned to invade England in (1805), the foundations of which are still visible today.

At the end of the 19th century, Ambleteuse became a popular place for holidays for people from Lille and Paris. The middle classes had become interested in sea-bathing and hunting, shooting and fishing. Oyster-beds were built in the bay, to complete the ambience of bourgeois life.

During World War II, the inhabitants were governed under Vichy France. There was a concentration camp built in the environs. Between 1941 and 1943, the German engineers Organisation Todt installed bunkers for artillery at the fort. In the bay of the river, sluices were created to flood the valley to prevent an Allied landing. Ambleteuse was the site chosen for the second pipeline fuelling the Allies from supplies in Kent.

[edit] Population

Population Growth
1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999
1187	1219	1441	1805	2007	1976
Census count starting from 1962 : Population without double counting

[edit] Places and monuments

The bay of the river Slack with its rare plants
The fort, built by Vauban in the 17th century.
Saint-Pierre’s chapel;
World War II museum;
The remains of an English fort;
Villas of the Belle Époque;
Public gardens

[edit] Personalities linked with the town

Julius Caesar, who built his port here to prepare for the invasion of Britain
St. Peter of Ambleteuse (7th century);
Henri II, liberator of Ambleteuse from English rule;
Napoléon Bonaparte, who built another port here to prepare for the invasion of Britain
Jean Paul Destombe, geologist who determined the route under the sea for the channel tunnel
Maurice Boitel, artist, Website showing the works of Maurice Boitel