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Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin, an important enzyme that participates in fibrinolysis and degradation of various other proteins. This protein is encoded by the SERPINF2 gene.[1]
Fibrinolysis (simplified). Blue arrows denote stimulation, and red arrows inhibition.
[edit] Role in disease
Very few cases (<20) of A2AP deficiency have been described. As plasmin degrades blood clots, impaired inhibition of plasmin leads to a bleeding tendency, which was severe in the cases reported.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] Further reading
- Martí-Fàbregas J, Borrell M, Cocho D, et al. (2008). "Change in hemostatic markers after recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator is not associated with the chance of recanalization.". Stroke 39 (1): 234-6. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.493767. PMID 18048863.
- Nielsen VG (2007). "Hydroxyethyl starch enhances fibrinolysis in human plasma by diminishing alpha2-antiplasmin-plasmin interactions.". Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 18 (7): 647-56. doi:10.1097/MBC.0b013e3282a167dc. PMID 17890952.
- Sazonova IY, Thomas BM, Gladysheva IP, et al. (2007). "Fibrinolysis is amplified by converting alpha-antiplasmin from a plasmin inhibitor to a substrate.". J. Thromb. Haemost. 5 (10): 2087-94. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02652.x. PMID 17883703.
- Mutch NJ, Thomas L, Moore NR, et al. (2007). "TAFIa, PAI-1 and alpha-antiplasmin: complementary roles in regulating lysis of thrombi and plasma clots.". J. Thromb. Haemost. 5 (4): 812-7. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02430.x. PMID 17388801.
- Christiansen VJ, Jackson KW, Lee KN, McKee PA (2007). "The effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism on human alpha 2-antiplasmin activity.". Blood 109 (12): 5286-92. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-065185. PMID 17317851.
- Hayashido Y, Hamana T, Ishida Y, et al. (2007). "Induction of alpha2-antiplasmin inhibits E-cadherin processing mediated by the plasminogen activator/plasmin system, leading to suppression of progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via upregulation of cell-cell adhesion.". Oncol. Rep. 17 (2): 417-23. PMID 17203182.
- Shibata N, Kawarai T, Meng Y, et al. (2007). "Association studies between the plasmin genes and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.". Neurobiol. Aging 28 (7): 1041-3. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.028. PMID 16828203.
- Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070-80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMID 16335952.
- Lee KN, Jackson KW, Christiansen VJ, et al. (2004). "A novel plasma proteinase potentiates alpha2-antiplasmin inhibition of fibrin digestion.". Blood 103 (10): 3783-8. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-12-4240. PMID 14751930.
- Anderson NL, Polanski M, Pieper R, et al. (2004). "The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources.". Mol. Cell Proteomics 3 (4): 311-26. doi:10.1074/mcp.M300127-MCP200. PMID 14718574.
- Kapadia C, Yousef GM, Mellati AA, et al. (2004). "Complex formation between human kallikrein 13 and serum protease inhibitors.". Clin. Chim. Acta 339 (1-2): 157-67. doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2003.10.009. PMID 14687906.
- Matsuno H, Okada K, Ueshima S, et al. (2004). "Alpha2-antiplasmin plays a significant role in acute pulmonary embolism.". J. Thromb. Haemost. 1 (8): 1734-9. doi:10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00252.x. PMID 12911586.
- Magklara A, Mellati AA, Wasney GA, et al. (2003). "Characterization of the enzymatic activity of human kallikrein 6: Autoactivation, substrate specificity, and regulation by inhibitors.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 307 (4): 948-55. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01271-3. PMID 12878203.
- Cardoso C, Leventer RJ, Ward HL, et al. (2003). "Refinement of a 400-kb critical region allows genotypic differentiation between isolated lissencephaly, Miller-Dieker syndrome, and other phenotypes secondary to deletions of 17p13.3.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72 (4): 918-30. doi:10.1086/374320. PMID 12621583.
- Frank PS, Douglas JT, Locher M, et al. (2003). "Structural/functional characterization of the alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor C-terminal peptide.". Biochemistry 42 (4): 1078-85. doi:10.1021/bi026917n. PMID 12549929.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899-903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
- Turner RB, Liu L, Sazonova IY, Reed GL (2002). "Structural elements that govern the substrate specificity of the clot-dissolving enzyme plasmin.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33068-74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203782200. PMID 12080056.
- Askew YS, Pak SC, Luke CJ, et al. (2002). "SERPINB12 is a novel member of the human ov-serpin family that is widely expressed and inhibits trypsin-like serine proteinases.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 49320-30. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108879200. PMID 11604408.
- Uszynski M, Klyszejko A, Zekanowska E (2001). "Plasminogen, alpha(2)-antiplasmin and complexes of plasmin-alpha(2)-antiplasmin (PAP) in amniotic fluid and blood plasma of parturient women.". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 93 (2): 167-71. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(00)00283-9. PMID 11074138.
- Hevessy Z, Patthy A, Kárpáti L, Muszbek L (2000). "alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor is a substrate for tissue transglutaminase: an in vitro study.". Thromb. Res. 99 (4): 399-406. doi:10.1016/S0049-3848(00)00261-9. PMID 10963790.
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