Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor

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Adrenergic, alpha-2C-, receptor
PDB rendering based on 1hll.
Available structures: 1hll, 1ho9, 1hod, 1hof
Identifiers
Symbol(s) ADRA2C; ADRA2L2; ADRA2RL2; ADRARL2; ALPHA2CAR
External IDs OMIM: 104250 MGI: 87936 HomoloGene: 20170
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 152 11553
Ensembl n/a ENSMUSG00000045318
Uniprot n/a Q01337
Refseq XM_001128592 (mRNA)
XP_001128592 (protein)		 XM_988195 (mRNA)
XP_993289 (protein)
Location n/a Chr 5: 35.6 - 35.6 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

The alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (α2C adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRA2C, is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.[1]

Contents

Receptor

Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Studies in mouse revealed that both the alpha2A and alpha2C subtypes were required for normal presynaptic control of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves in the heart and from central noradrenergic neurons; the alpha2A subtype inhibited transmitter release at high stimulation frequencies, whereas the alpha2C subtype modulated neurotransmission at lower levels of nerve activity.

Gene

This gene encodes the alpha2C subtype, which contains no introns in either its coding or untranslated sequences.[1]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: ADRA2C adrenergic, alpha-2C-, receptor.

[edit] Further reading

  • Coupry I, Duzic E, Lanier SM (1992). "Factors determining the specificity of signal transduction by guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptors. II. Preferential coupling of the alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor to the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, Go.". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (14): 9852–7. PMID 1349607. 
  • Chhajlani V, Rangel N, Uhlén S, Wikberg JE (1991). "Identification of an additional gene belonging to the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor family in the human genome by PCR.". FEBS Lett. 280 (2): 241–4. PMID 1849485. 
  • Regan JW, Kobilka TS, Yang-Feng TL, et al. (1988). "Cloning and expression of a human kidney cDNA for an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (17): 6301–5. PMID 2842764. 
  • Eason MG, Liggett SB (1993). "Human alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype distribution: widespread and subtype-selective expression of alpha 2C10, alpha 2C4, and alpha 2C2 mRNA in multiple tissues.". Mol. Pharmacol. 44 (1): 70–5. PMID 7688069. 
  • Riess O, Thies U, Siedlaczck I, et al. (1994). "Precise mapping of the brain alpha 2-adrenergic receptor gene within chromosome 4p16.". Genomics 19 (2): 298–302. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1061. PMID 8188260. 
  • Klein U, Ramirez MT, Kobilka BK, von Zastrow M (1997). "A novel interaction between adrenergic receptors and the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (31): 19099–102. PMID 9235896. 
  • Schaak S, Devedjian JC, Cayla C, et al. (1998). "Molecular cloning, sequencing and functional study of the promoter region of the human alpha2C4-adrenergic receptor gene.". Biochem. J. 328 ( Pt 2): 431–8. PMID 9371698. 
  • DeGraff JL, Gagnon AW, Benovic JL, Orsini MJ (1999). "Role of arrestins in endocytosis and signaling of alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (16): 11253–9. PMID 10196213. 
  • Prezeau L, Richman JG, Edwards SW, Limbird LE (1999). "The zeta isoform of 14-3-3 proteins interacts with the third intracellular loop of different alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (19): 13462–9. PMID 10224112. 
  • Hein L, Altman JD, Kobilka BK (2000). "Two functionally distinct alpha2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission.". Nature 402 (6758): 181–4. doi:10.1038/46040. PMID 10647009. 
  • Small KM, Forbes SL, Rahman FF, et al. (2000). "A four amino acid deletion polymorphism in the third intracellular loop of the human alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor confers impaired coupling to multiple effectors.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (30): 23059–64. doi:10.1074/jbc. M000796200. PMID 10801795. 
  • Comings DE, Gade-Andavolu R, Gonzalez N, et al. (2001). "Multivariate analysis of associations of 42 genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder.". Clin. Genet. 58 (1): 31–40. PMID 10945659. 
  • Small KM, Wagoner LE, Levin AM, et al. (2002). "Synergistic polymorphisms of beta1- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors and the risk of congestive heart failure.". N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (15): 1135–42. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020803. PMID 12374873. 
  • Chotani MA, Mitra S, Su BY, et al. (2004). "Regulation of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human vascular smooth muscle cells.". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286 (1): H59–67. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00268.2003. PMID 12946937. 
  • Small KM, Mialet-Perez J, Seman CA, et al. (2004). "Polymorphisms of cardiac presynaptic alpha2C adrenergic receptors: Diverse intragenic variability with haplotype-specific functional effects.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (35): 13020–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405074101. PMID 15319474. 
  • Chotani MA, Mitra S, Eid AH, et al. (2005). "Distinct cAMP signaling pathways differentially regulate alpha2C-adrenoceptor expression: role in serum induction in human arteriolar smooth muscle cells.". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288 (1): H69–76. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01223.2003. PMID 15345481. 
  • Belfer I, Buzas B, Hipp H, et al. (2005). "Haplotype-based analysis of alpha 2A, 2B, and 2C adrenergic receptor genes captures information on common functional loci at each gene.". J. Hum. Genet. 50 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0211-y. PMID 15592690. 
  • Neumeister A, Charney DS, Belfer I, et al. (2005). "Sympathoneural and adrenomedullary functional effects of alpha2C-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism in healthy humans.". Pharmacogenet. Genomics 15 (3): 143–9. PMID 15861038. 
  • Neumeister A, Drevets WC, Belfer I, et al. (2006). "Effects of an alpha 2C-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism on neural responses to facial expressions in depression.". Neuropsychopharmacology 31 (8): 1750–6. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301010. PMID 16407897. 
  • Park JS, Zhang SY, Jo SH, et al. (2006). "Common adrenergic receptor polymorphisms as novel risk factors for vasospastic angina.". Am. Heart J. 151 (4): 864–9. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.06.009. PMID 16569551. 
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v • d • e
Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors
Class A: Rhodopsin like
Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A, B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)
Class B: Secretin like
Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone
Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50))
Frizzled / Smoothened
Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened