Albacore

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Albacore (disambiguation).

Albacore

Albacore Tuna, Thunnus alalunga

Conservation status

Data Deficient (IUCN 2.3)^[1]

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Scombridae
Genus:	Thunnus
Species:	T. alalunga

Binomial name

Thunnus alalunga
(Bonnaterre, 1788)

The albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is a type of tuna in the family Scombridae. This species may also be called albacore fish, albacore tuna, longfin, albies, pigfish, tombo ahi, binnaga, Pacific albacore, German bonito (but see bonito), longfin tuna, longfin tunny, or even just tuna. It is the only tuna species which may be marketed as "white meat tuna" in the United States.

It is found in the open waters of all tropical and temperate oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea. Lengths range up to 140 cm (55 inches) and weights up to 60 kg (132 lbs).

Albacore is a prized food, and albacore fishery is economically significant. Methods of fishing include pole and line, long-line fishing, trolling, and some purse seining. It is also sought after by sport fishers.

A chunk of semi-cooked albacore

Albacore accumulates higher levels of mercury than other kinds of tuna, and some groups have urged testing and recall of canned albacore with high mercury levels. Long-line albacore are older fish and have accumulated more mercury than younger, troll-caught albacore. A recent study by Oregon State University shows that smaller, West Coast Albacore have far lower mercury and are comparable to chunk light tuna. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises women of childbearing age and children to limit their consumption of albacore tuna (chunk white canned tuna) and tuna steaks to 6 ounces per week or less, but this advisory does not take into account different sizes of albacore and from which part of the world these albacore were harvested.

The pectoral fins of the albacore are very long, as much as 30% of the total length. The dorsal spines are 11 to 14 in number, and well forward of the rays of the dorsal fin. The anterior spines are much longer, giving a concave outline to the spiny part of the dorsal fin.

1 Conservation status
2 Other species called albacore
3 References
4 External links
5 Gallery

[edit] Conservation status

The International Science Commission (ISC) has conducted routine stock assessments of Pacific albacore. The ISC findings are adopted by the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission [1] and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission [2] in managing albacore in the Pacific ocean.

The World Conservation Union (IUCN), has not re-assessed Albacore in over 10 years, and the last assessment given (from 1996) was "data deficient". This is due to lack of fishing for the fish past certain depths.^[2] Assessments of the stocks of the North and South Atlantic from the same period showed them to be vulnerable and critically endangered stocks respectively, due to significant population reductions measured through an index of abundance and considering "actual or potential levels of exploitation".^[1] No similar finding was made regarding Pacific albacore, which are believed to be at or near historically high spawning stock levels.

== MSC Certification and Consumers ==

The [[Marine Stewardship Council [3]]], after extensive review of the best available science, declared the U.S. North and South Pacific albacore pole & line and troll fisheries ("pole & troll") as the first and only certified sustainable tuna fisheries in the world. Albacore and albacore products from this fishery are verified and traceable through a certification-sharing program administered by the [[American Albacore Fishing Association.[4]]]

Products from certified sustainable fisheries are readily identifiable by the MSC's distinctive blue & white "eco-label". Concerned consumers should verify that products have the MSC logo in order to ensure that it is from a certified sustainable fishery.

By purchasing products bearing the MSC eco-label, consumers express their support for sustainable fisheries and encouragement for the use of sound fishing methods that promote the future health and abundance of the ocean's ecosystem.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program lists troll-caught albacore from the Pacific US and Canadian fisheries as a "Best Choice" in its sustainability rankings.

The Monterey Fish Market Seafood Sustainability Advisory list claims that fishery researchers generally agree that the North Pacific albacore population is a healthy stock at the current time. The list considers the north pacific albacore fishery to be "eco-friendly", in that there is very little by-catch and no impact on fishery habitat. Also, unlike some other tuna species, albacore do not usually swim with dolphins -- and for this reason there is not a dolphin-associated albacore fishery anywhere in the world. ^[3]

SeaChoice ranks Albacore as a "best choice" for consumers, although notes some "moderate concerns" regarding the management effectiveness (in particular, no definitive survey of the albacore stock of the Indian Ocean fishery has taken place), and "moderate concern" over the fishing stock, especially regarding the North Atlantic albacore population, which the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) considers overfished with overfishing still occurring. The southern Atlantic stock is not considered overfished. The North Pacific and South Pacific albacore stocks are not overfished and not experiencing overfishing. ^[4]

[edit] Other species called albacore

In some parts of the world, other species may be called "albacore":

Blackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus (albacore)
Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares (albacore, autumn albacore, yellowfinned albacore)
Yellowtail amberjack Seriola lalandi (albacore)
Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis (false albacore)
Little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus (false albacore)