Al Khakim At Termizi
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| Muslim scholar |
|
|---|---|
| Name: | Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ali bin Hasan bin Bashir Al Khakim At-Termizi |
| Title: | Khakim At Tirmidhī |
| Birth: | 750 – 760 CE 133 AH - 143 AH |
| Death: | 869 CE 255 AH] |
| Maddhab: | Sufi- sunni |
| Works: | Navodir Al-Usul fi Ma'rifat Akhbor Ar-Rasul and Navadir Al-Usul |
Tirmidhī (ترمذی), also transliterated as Tirmizi. His full name is Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ali bin Hasan bin Bashir (in some sources it is Bishr) Al Khakim At-Termizi. He is locally known as At-Termizi or Termiz Ota (Father of Termiz city".
Information about his life and scientific and creative activities can be found in the works by Taj ad-Din Subki (Tabakat Ash-Shafii'yya Al-kubro), Hatiba Baghdad (Tarih Baghdad), Ibn Hajara AskAlani (Lisan Al-Miyzan), Sulami (Tabakat As-Sufiyya) and in a number of other treatises Al Khakim At-Termizi speaks about his life in his book "Bad'u Shaani Abu Abdullah" ("The Beginning of Abu Abdullah's Pursuit"), published in Beirut in 1965 by Yakh'ya Ismail Usman together with the work of the scientist "Hatm Al-Avliya"("Seal of the Saints"). Different dates are used in written sources and present literature to indicate Al Khakim At-Termizi's date of birth and death. Some authors, Khwaja Khalif in particular, in his "Kashf as-Zunun" the year 255 in Hijra / 869 AD was called Al Khakim At-Termizi's date of death. The same date was written on Al Khakim At-Termizi's tomb. If we proceed from the fact that Al Khakim At-Termizi lived more than one hundred years, some sources say 112, 116 or 120 years, he was born approximately between 750 – 760 AD. At the same time Abdulfattah Abdullah Baraka who wrote his great Al Khakim At-Termizi and “Nazariyyatukhu fil " Al Khakim At-Termizi and his theory thirty years ago, said that Al Khakim At-Termizi, was born in 205 in Hijri / 820 and die in 320 in Hijri / 932 and he lived 112 years. Detailed information about Al Khakim At-Termizi's childhood and youth is not available in the sources. According to his "autobiography" he started learning religious sciences hard when he was eight and he made a Hajj to Mecca when he was twenty-eight. Returning from Mecca Al Khakim At-Termizi became Sufi follower; he withdrew from people and learned treaties.
His father Ali bin Hassan was a leading scholar, a Hadith specialist, looking for knowledge he went to Baghdad, took an active part in scientific discussions with prominent scholars of the time on various problems of Hadith. His mother and uncle were considered to be experts of Hadith. Consequently Al Khakim At-Termizi grew in the circle of educated and scientific people, which influenced greatly on his ideology.
Some written sources contain reliable information about Al Khakim At-Termizi's teachers. His teacher was his father Ali bin Al-Hassan At Termizi "History of Baghdad" by Khatib Al-Bagdhadi contains some information. Among his other teachers were Kutaiba bin Sayid as-Sakafi Al- Balkhi (798-888 AD), Salih bin Abdullah At-Termizi of much interesting facts had been written in the book "Books about Famous People" by Ibn Khibbana; Salih bin Muhammad At-Termizi who was former qazi of Termiz for some time, Sufyan bin Vaki (died in 860), Hassan bin Umar bin Shafiq Al- Balkhi (died in 840 AD), Ahmad bin Khadravayh (died in 854 AD), Abu Turab An-Nakhshabi, and Yahya bin Maaz Ar-Razi (died in 875 AD).
Based on data given in the written sources characterize Al Khakim At-Termizi's life and his long life can be divided into the following periods: The first period includes Al Khakim At-Termizi's childhood up to seven. Unfortunately we do not have exact information about this part of his life. But nevertheless, one can say that unlike the children of his age he displayed ability at this age to various games, as if he prepared himself to the future scientific life, he worked hard with his teachers, obtained knowledge on various sciences (particularly on theology) and got ready to mystic spiritual life. The second period embraces Al Khakim At-Termizi's life from eight to twenty eight, when he knowledge from different teachers (sheikhs). For knowledge he visited other oriental cities, was in Mecca and made a pilgrimage. Some sources pointed to the fact that he paid much attention to learning Hadith and problems of fiqh in the period of his life. The third period of his life is related to learning the Qur'an thoroughly. He was assimilated by deep God's words, their essence, fasting, praying and pious deeds and so on. The philosophic mystic work by Al-Antahi "Healing of Hearts" had a great influence on him. Al Khakim At-Termizi had a lot of students, we shall mention some of them: Abu Muhammad Yahya bin Mansur Al-Kadi (died in 960 AD), Abu Ali Mansur bin Abdullah bin Khalid Al-Zuhli Al Hiravi; Abu Ali Al-Hassan bin Ali Al-Jurjani. Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Isa, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Umar Al-Al Khakim Al-Varrak, Muhammad bin Jaafar bin Muhammad bin Al-Haisam bin Umran bin Buraida and others.
Al Khakim At-Termizi's scientific and creative activity is closely connected with his travels to other countries and cities. He visited Balkh, Nishapur, and Baghdad, where science and culture reached its zenith and he met famous scholars and took part in discussions. Nevertheless Termiz, his native city played an important role in his scientific and creative activity and there lie created his basic works. His sermons and as well as his some works, first of All "Hatam Al-Avliya" (Seal of Saints), "Hal Ash-Shari'a" (Arguments of the Islamic Law) in which we discussed about Muslim rituals, about "love for God" and about various categories of mystics, about "the Seals of Saints", Along with existing "Seals of Prophets", dissatisfied some parts of the falikh and rich. Escaping his enemies' chase Al Khakim At-Termizi had to move to Balkh and then to Nishapur where he was very well accepted and where he obtained a large number of followers later.
[edit] Works
Different figures on the number of Al Khakim At-Termizi’s works are mentioned in the written sources. Some authors say that the number of his work reaches four hundred. But the majority of authors tend to think that about eighty; works belong to him. As a famous Egyptian scholar Abdelfattah Abdulla Baraka writes that out of four hundred works by Al Khakim At-Termizi only about sixty had reached us. Though many works were lost the most important ones that contain the great scholar's basic teachings, which comprise his scientific and spiritual legacy reached us (2). The first work that must be mentioned is "Navodir Al-Usul fi Ma'rifat Akhbor Ar-Rasul” (Unique Principles of Learning about RasulAllah - the Messenger of God)". It consists of 291 Hadith and that to some extent it reflects the author's points of view, his outlook, his understanding the world. One copy of "Navadir Al-Usul" is kept in Tashkent, in the library of Muslim Board of Uzbekistan. Other works of the scholar are: “Khaqiyqat Al-Odamiyya" ("Book about the Nature of a Man"), "Adab an-Nafs" ("Bringing up the Soul"). The majority of the works of Al Khakim At-Termizi reached us in the form of manuscripts and they are kept in different manuscript funds of the world. Conditionally they may be divided into five groups: manuscripts that are kept in Paris, Cairo, Damascus, Alexandria, Istanbul and London. The following works by Al Khakim At-Termizi are kept in the National Library of Paris (under ISBN 5018 in the Arab department):
- 1. Kitab as-Salat va Makasidiha (A Book about Prayer and its Aims)
- 2. Kitab Al-Hajj va Asrarihi (A Book about Pilgrimage and its Secrets)
- 3. Kitab Al-Ihtiyatot (A Book about Precautions)
- 4. Kitab Al-Jumal Al-Lazim Ma'rifitiha (A Book about Sentences that Should be Known)
[edit] See also
- Islamic scholars
- Imam Al Bukhari
- Muslim ibn Al-Hajjaj
- Al-Nasa'i
- Abi Da'ud
- Imam Al Tirmidhi
- Imam Malik
[edit] External links
- Al Khakim At-Termizi UNESCO World Heritage Center
- http://www.uzbektourism.uz/en/ Uzbek Tourism
- http://www.k-saray.com/photogallery/ Karvon Saroy travel to Uzbekistan
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