Ahmad Hilmi of Filibe
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Ahmad Hilmi of Filibe (1865-1914) is a well known Turkish Sufi writer and thinker. In Turkish he is usually called as Şehbenderzâde Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi ("Ahmad Hilmi of Plovdiv Son of A Consul"). Being a Sufi, his thoughts were influenced by the Sufi thought, more specifically the wahdat al-wujud, greatly. He also supported the anti-materialistic way of thinking and was a great rival to his materialist contemporary writer and thinkers.
[edit] Biography
He was in Plovdiv (Filibe), which is the reason why he is called "Ahmad Hilmi of Filibe" (Turkish: Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi). His father, Süleyman Bey, was a consul. This is where his title Şehbenderzâde, meaning "son of a consul", comes from. He has taken his first education from the religious official (müftü) of Plovdiv, until the time he moved to İzmir with his family. Later he has entered to Galatasaray Lycee. Upon the end of his education, he started to work as a government official in Beirut. Due to a politic problem he ran away to Egypt from Beirut. In 1901 he returned to İstanbul, but later he was arrested and exiled to Fizan. Here his interest in Sufism grew and he started to believe in the Sufi thought of wahdat al-wujud (وحدة الوجود, "unity of being"). His entrance to Sufism, changed his views greatly and the influence of Sufism on his works are very clear.
In 1908, following the declaration of the Constitutional government (Meşrutiyet) he returned back to İstanbul. Here, he started to publish a weekly newspaper named İttihat-ı İslam ("The Union of Islam). However the newspaper could not continue for a long time and he started to write in some other papers. In 1910, he started to publish another weekly newspaper named Hikmet ("Wisdom"). The same year, he established a publisher named Hikmet Matbaa-yi İslâmiyesi, which published mostly works of Islamic thought.
With his own unique thought he started to criticise İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti ("Committee of Union and Progress"), mostly in his newspaper Hikmet, which was turned into a daily paper from weekly by the year of 1911.
Due to his thoughts and his great efforts to publish them, his paper Hikmet was banned, along with his publishing company, and he was exiled to Bursa. However, following the end of his exile, he started to publish Hikmet again. As a result of his ideas, which were not close to any major politic groups of the time, his paper could not continue to publish very long. His masterpiece is the famous "A'mâk-ı Hayâl", which is about the wahdat al-wujud.
Writing many pieces, most of which are Islamic and anti-materialistic, he also published a humor magazine named Coşkun Kalender. Apart from his writer identity, he also worked as a philosophy teacher in Dârü'l-Fünûn (Istanbul University).
He died in October, 1914 due to poisoning. It is not very clear if he was "killed" by poisoning, however there is a very renowned claim that he was poisoned by Freemasons, who were his well known rivals. This claim is not proved.
