Ahlatshahs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ahlahshahs were the 11th-12th century rulers of an Anatolian Turkish Beylik of the first period founded after the Battle of Manzikert, and centered in Ahlat on the northwestern shore of the Lake Van in Eastern Anatolia.

The dynasty is sometimes also called Sökmenli in reference to the founder of the principality, Sökmen el Kutbî, literally Sökmen the Slave, one of the commanders of the Great Seljuk Alp Arslan. Ahlatshah Sökmenli should not be confused with the Artuklu dynasty branch of Sökmenli which ruled in Hasankeyf during approximately the same period.

Another title Sökmen and his descendants assumed, as heirs to the local Armenian princes according to Clifford Edmund Bosworth, was Shah-i Arman, often rendered as Ermenshahs (Ermenşahlar).

The Beylik was founded by the Turkish slave commander Sökmen who took over Ahlat (Khliat or Khilat) in 1100. Ahlatshahs were closely tied to Great Seljuk institutions, although they also followed independent policies like the wars against Georgia in alliance with their neighbors to the north, the Saltuklu. They also acquired links with the branch of the Artuklu dynasty based in Meyyafarikin (now Silvan), becoming part of a nexus of Turkish principalities in Jazira and Eastern Anatolia.

The Ahlatshahs reached their brightest period under the fifty-seven year reign of Sökmen the Second (1128 - 1185). He was married to a female relative (daughter or sister) of the Saltuklu ruler Saltuk.[1] Since Sökmen II was childless, the beylik was seized by a series of slave commanders after his death. In 1207, the beylik was taken over by the Ayyubids who had long coveted Ahlat and had come to the city at the invitation of the last Sökmenli ruler.

The Ahlatshahs left a large number of historic tombstones in and around the city of Ahlat. Local administators are currently trying to have the tombstones included in UNESCO's World Heritage List [2] , where they are currently listed tentatively. [3]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Cahen, p. 107
  2. ^ Yüksel Oktay. (article) On the Roads of Anatolia - Van (English). Los Angeles Chronicle.
  3. ^ (List) Tentative World Heritage Sites (English). UNESCO.

[edit] References

  • Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey

[edit] External links

v • d • e
History of Turkey
Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
(1060–1327)
Seljuk Turks (11th to 14th century)  · Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm (1060–1327)
Anatolian Turkish Beyliks
(13th century)
Anatolian beyliks (13th century)
Ottoman Coat of Arms Ottoman Empire
(1299– November 17, 1922)
Turkey Republic of Turkey
(since October 29, 1923)
v • d • e
Landmarks of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and Turkish Beyliks
Locations of landmarks by the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and Anatolian Turkish Beyliks, excepting the Ottomans, between 1071 and circa 1400
Locations of landmarks by the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and Anatolian Turkish Beyliks, excepting the Ottomans, between 1071 and circa 1400
v • d • e
Seljuk Sultanate of Rum

Ancestor: Kutalmish • Founder: Suleyman I • Capital: İznik, then Konya
Important centers and extension: Konya • Kayseri • Sivas (1175) • Malatya (1178) • Alanya • Antalya
Dynasty: Suleyman I (1077-1086) •• Kilij Arslan I (1092-1107) •• Melikshah (1107-1116) •• Mesud I (1116-1156) •• Kilij Arslan II (1156-1192) •• Kaykhusraw I (1192-1196) •• Süleymanshah II (1196-1204) •• Kilij Arslan III (1204-1205) •• Kaykhusraw I (2nd reign) (1205-1211) •• Kaykaus I (1211-1220) •• Kayqubad I (1220-1237) •• Kaykhusraw II (1237-1246) •• Kaykaus II (1246-1260) •• Kilij Arslan IV (1248-1265) •• Kayqubad II (1249-1257) •• Kaykhusraw III (1265-1282) •• Mesud II (1282-1284) •• Kayqubad III (1284) •• Mesud II (2nd reign) (1284-1293) •• Kayqubad III (2nd reign) (1293-1294) •• Mesud II (3rd reign) (1294-1301) •• Kayqubad III (3rd reign) (1301-1303) •• Mesud II (4th reign) (1303-1307) • Mesud III (1307)
1243: Gradually vassalized to the Mongol Empire after the defeat suffered in the Battle of Köse Dag • 1307: Taken over by the Beylik of Karamanoğlu

Important works:
Palaces and Castles: Seljuk Palace in Konya (1190-1220) •• Kubadabad Palace in Beyşehir (1220-1230) •• Keykubadiye Palace in Kayseri (1220-1230) •• Alanya Kızıl Kule (Red Tower) and Shipyard constructions and widescale extension of Alanya Castle
Külliye (Complexes) and Dar al-Shifa (Medical Centers) and Medrese (Schools) and Mosques: Gevher Nesibe Külliye with Medical Center and Medical School and Mosque in Kayseri (1204-1210) •• Battal Gazi Külliye in Seyitgazi (1208) •• Karatay Medrese in Konya (1225) •• Ince Minaret Medrese in Konya (1258-1279) •• Atabeg Ferruh Darüşşifa in Çankırı (1236) •• Alâeddin Keykubad I Darüşşifa in Konya (1237) •• Torumtay Darüşşifa in Amasya (1266) •• Izzeddin Keykavus I Şifaiye Medrese and Medical Center (Darüşşifa) in Sivas (1218) •• Gökmedrese in Sivas (1271) •• Çifte Minaret Medrese in Sivas (1271) •• Alâeddin Mosque in Konya (1220) •• Alâeddin Mosque in Niğde (1220) •• Great Mosque of Malatya in Eskimalatya (Battalgazi) (1224) •• Hüsameddin Temurlu castle, caravanseai and medrese in Kalehisar, Alaca (~ 1250) •• Havadan Külliye in Develi (~1300)
Caravanserais: Ağzıkara Han caravanserai near Aksaray (1237) •• Ak Han caravanserai near Denizli (1254) •• Alaca Han caravanserai in Alacahan (~1280) •• Alara Han caravanserai near Manavgat •• Alay Han caravanserai near Aksaray (1190) •• Altınapa Han caravanserai between Beyşehir and Konya (1201) •• Angit Han caravanserai between Konya and Akşehir (1201) •• Burma Han caravanserai in Divriği (13th century) •• Çakallı Han caravanserai near Samsun (~ 1250) •• Çardak Han (Hanabad) caravanserai in Çardak (1230) •• Çay Han caravanserai in Çay (1279) •• Dokuzun Han caravanserai in Konya (1210) •• Eğirdir Han caravanserai in Eğirdir (1238) •• Ertokuş Han caravanserai near Eğirdir (1224) •• Eshab-i Kehf Han caravanserai near Afşin-Elbistan (~ 1225) •• Evdir Han caravanserai near Antalya (1224) •• Ezinepazar Han caravanserai near Amasya (1246) •• Goncalı Akhan caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray •• Hatun Han caravanserai between Amasya and Tokat •• Hekim Han caravanserai in Hekimhan (1220) •• Horozlu Han caravanserai near Konya (1249) •• İncir Han caravanserai near Bucak (1239) •• Kadın Han caravanserai in Kadınhanı (1223) •• Karatay Han caravanserai near Pınarbaşı (1241) • Kargı Han caravanserai near Antalya (1246) •• Kesikköprü Han caravanserai near Kırşehir (1268) •• Kırkgöz Han caravanserai near Antalya (1246) •• Kızılören Han caravanserai near Konya (1206) •• Kuruçeşme Han caravanserai near Konya (1210) ••Melleç Han caravanserai near Anamur (13th century) •• Mirçinge Han caravanserai near Divriği (13th century) •• Obruk Han caravanserai near Konya (1230) •• Öresin Han caravanserai near Aksaray (~ 1275) •• Pazar Han caravanserai near Tokat (1239) •• Zazadın Han caravanserai near Konya (1236) •• Şarapsa Han caravanserai near Alanya (1246) •• Sarı Han caravanserai near Ürgüp (1249) •• Sevserek Han caravanserai between Malatya and Pötürge (13th century) •• Sultan Han caravanserai between Konya and Aksaray (1229) • Sultan Han caravanserai near Bünyan between Kayseri and Sivas (1236) • Susuz Han caravanserai near Bucak (1246)
v • d • e
Anatolian Turkish Beyliks
 
Ahlatshahs (1100 - 1207)

Founder: Sökmen el Kutbi • Capital: Ahlat
Important centers and extension: Silvan • Malazgirt • Erciş • Adilcevaz • Başkale • Eleşkirt • Van • Tatvan • Bitlis • Muş • Hani
Dynasty: Sökmen el Kutbi (1100-1112) • İbrahim bin Sökmen (? - ?) • Ahmed bin İbrahim (? - ?) • Sökmen the Second (1128 - 1185) • Seyfeddin Begtimur (1185 - 1193) • Aksungur (1193 - 1197) • Muhammed bin Begtimur (1185 - 1207)
1207: Submitted to the Ayyoubids
Important works: Ahlat Tombs
 
Artuklu (1102 - )

Ancestors: Eksük and his son Artuk, commander of Alparslan, from Döğer Oghuz Türkmen clan
Founder: Muinüddin Sökmen Bey • Capitals: Three branches in Hasankeyf, Mardin and Harput
Important centers and extension: Diyarbekir • Hasankeyf • Silvan • Mardin • Midyat • Harput • Palu • Aleppo (temporarily as of 1117)
Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty: Müinüddin Sökmen Bey (1102-1104) • Sökmenli İbrahim Bey (1104 - 1131)
Mardin Dynasty or İlgazi Dynasty: Necmeddin İlgazi (1106-1122) • Hüsameddin Timurtaş (1122 - 1154) • Necmeddin Alp (1154 - 1176)
Harput Dynasty: Belek Bey (1112-1124) • Nureddin Muhammed (? - ?) • Sökmen the Second (? - ?)

Important works: Artuklu Palace in Diyarbakır • Widescale extension of Diyarbakır City Walls • Malabadi Bridge • Hasankeyf Bridge • Sökmenli Nasirüddevle Bîmaristan-ı Farukî Medical Center (Darüşşifa) in Silvan (1108) • Emineddin (brother of İlgazi) Medical Center (Darüşşifa) in Mardin (built between (1122) • Great Mosque of Silvan • Great Mosque of Mardin • Older Great Mosque of Midyat (Cami-i Kebir) • Great Mosque of Kızıltepe • Great Mosque of Harput • Artuklu Caravanserai in Mardin • İbrahim Shah Caravanserai near Keban between Elazığ and Çemişgezek
 
Danishmends (1071-1178)

Founder: Danishmend Gazi • Capitals: Sivas • Niksar
Important centers and extension: Sivas • Niksar • Malatya • Kayseri • Tokat • Amasya • Kastamonu • Ankara
Dynasty: Danishmend Gazi (1071-1105) • Emir Gazi Gümüştekin (1105-1134) • Melik Mehmed (1134-1146) • Yağıbasan (1146-1164) • Melik İsmail (1164-1175)
1175: Capital city of Sivas incorporated into the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm • 1178: Malatya branch incorporated into the Seljuk Sultanate
Important works: Great Mosque of Niksar • Great Mosque of Kayseri • Kayseri Kölük Mosque • Danishmend Gazi Tomb (Melik Gazi Tomb) in Niksar • Denishmend Melik Mehmed Gazi Tomb in Kayseri
 
Mengücek (1071-1277)

Founder: Mengücek Bey • Capitals: Erzincan, later also Divriği
Important centers and extension: Erzincan • Divriği • Kemah • Şarkikarahisar
Dynasty: Mengücek Bey (1071-1118) • Mengücekli İshak Bey (1118-1120) • 1120-1142 Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of Danishmends
Erzincan and Kemah Branch: Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?) • 1228 Incorporation into the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
Divriği Branch: Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?) • 1277 Beylik destroyed by Abaka
Important works: Divriği Great Mosque and Divriği Turan Melek Sultan Medical Center (Darüşşifa) (1229) • Kale Mosque in Divriği
 
Saltuklu (1072-1202)

Founder: Saltuk Bey • Capital: Erzurum
Important centers and extension: Erzurum • Tercan
Dynasty: Saltuk Bey (1072-1102) • Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım (1102 - ~ 1124) • Ziyâüddin Gazi (~ 1124-1132) • İzzeddin Saltuk (1132-1168) • Nâsırüddin Muhammed (1168-1191) • Mama Hatun (1191-1200) • Melikshah bin Muhammed (1200-1202)
1202: Incorporation into the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
Important works: Great Mosque of Erzurum • Emir Saltuk Tomb in Erzurum • Mama Hatun Caravanserai in Tercan • Mama Hatun Tomb in Tercan • Kale Mosque in Erzurum • Erzurum Medical Center (Darüşşifa) (1147)
 
Aydınoğlu (1307 - 1425)

Founder: Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey • Capitals: Birgi, later Ayasluğ
Important centers and extension: Tire • İzmir • Alaşehir • Aydın • Sakız/Chios (between 1336-1344)
Dynasty: Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey (1307 - 1334) • Aydınoğlu Umur Bey (1334-1348) • Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey (? - ?) • Aydınoğlu İsa Bey ( - 1390)
1390: First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt • 1402 - 1414: Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Aydınoğlu Musa Bey (1402-1403) • Aydınoğlu Umur Bey the Second (1403 - 1405) • İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey (1405 - 1425 with intervals) • 1425: Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works: İsabey Mosque in Selçuk (1375)
 
Candaroğlu (~1300 - 1461)

Founder: Şemseddin Yaman Candar, commander of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm • Capital: Kastamonu
Important centers and extension: Sinop • Eflani • Çankırı • Kalecik • Tosya • Araç • Samsun (temporarily)
Dynasty: Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha (1309 - ~ 1340) • Candaroğlu İbrahim Bey (1340-1345) • Candaroğlu Adil Bey (1340-1361) • Celaleddin Bayezid (1361-1385) • Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second (1384-1392)
1392: Incorporation (by conquest) of Kastamonu branch into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I
Sinop Dynasty or İsfendiyaroğlu Dynasty: İsfendiyar Bey (1385-1440) • Taceddin İbrahim Bey (1440-1443) • Kemaleddin İsmail Bey (1443-1461)
1461: Incorporation (by surrender) of Sinop branch into the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II
Important works:
 
Çobanoğlu (1227-1309)

Founder: Hüsamettin Çoban Bey, commander from Kayı Oghuz clan of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm • Capital: Kastamonu
Important centers and extension: Kastamonu • Taşköprü
Dynasty: Hüsamettin Çoban Bey (1309 - ?) • Alp Yürek (? - ?) • Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan (? - ?) • Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey (? - 1309) •
1309: Incorporation (by conquest) into the Beylik of Candaroğlu
Important works:
 
Dulkadir (1348- ~ 1525)

Ancestor: Hasan Dulkadir • Founder: Zeyneddin Karaca Bey • Capital: Elbistan
Important centers and extension: Maraş • Malatya • Harput • Kayseri • Antep
Dynasty: Zeyneddin Karaca Bey (1348-1348) • Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey (1348-1386) • Sûli Bey (1386-1396) • Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey (1396-1443) • Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey (1443-1454) • Melik Arslan (?-?) • Shah Budak (?-1492) • Şahsuvar (?-?) • Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey (1492-1507) • Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey (1507- ~ 1525)
1443-1525: Increasingly tributary and gradually incorporated into the Ottoman Empire
Important works:
 
Eretna (1328 - 1381)

Founder: Eretna Bey, brother-in-law of the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia, Demirtaş• Capital: Sivas, later Kayseri
Important centers and extension: Sivas • Kayseri • Niğde • Tokat • Amasya • Erzincan • Şarkikarahisar • Niksar
Dynasty: Eretna Bey (1328-1352) • Gıyasüddin Mehmed Bey (1352-1365) • Alâeddin Ali Bey (1365-1380) • Mehmed Bey the Second (1380-1381)
1326: Beylik replaced by Mehmed Bey's chancellor Kadı Burhaneddin
Important works:
 
Eşrefoğlu (1288 - 1326)

Founder: Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey, regent to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm •• Capital: Beyşehir
Important centers and extension: Beyşehir •• Akşehir •• Bolvadin
Dynasty: Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (1288 - 1302) •• Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey (1302-1320) •• Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second (1320-1326)
1326: Beylik destroyed by Demirtaş, the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia
Important works: Eşrefoğlu Mosque in Beyşehir (1299)
 
Germiyan (1300 - 1429)

Ancestor:: Kerimüddin Alişir • Founder: Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First • Capital: Kütahya
Important centers and extension: Kula (District), Manisa • Simav • Yenicekent • Yenicekent (Beylik of Lâdik between 1300-1368)
Dynasty: Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First (1300 - 1340) • Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey (1340-1361) • Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah (1361 - 1387)
1390: First period of incorporation (by legation) into the Ottoman Empire under Murad I • 1402 - 1414: Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Germiyanoğlu Yakub Bey the Second (1402-1429) • 1414: Recognition of Ottoman sovereignty by Germiyanoğlu Yakub Bey the Second under Mehmed I • 1429: Second and last incorporation (by legation) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works:
 
Hamidoğlu (~ 1280 - 1374)

Ancestors:: Hamid and his son İlyas Bey, frontier rulers under Seljuks Sultanate of Rûm • Founder: Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey • Capital: Isparta
Important centers and extension: Eğirdir • Uluborlu • Gölhisar • Korkuteli and Antalya transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brother Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
Dynasty: Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey (~ 1280 - 1324) • Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey (1324-1330) • Hamidoğlu Necmeddin İshak Bey (? - ?) • Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey (? - ?) • Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin İlyas Bey (? - ?) • Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey (? - 1391)
1374: Incorporation (by sale of territories) into the Ottoman Empire under Murad I and also partially to Karamanoğlu dynasty.
Important works:
 
Karamanoğlu (~ 1250 - 1487)

Ancestor:: Nure Sûfi from Avşar Oghuz clan • Founder: Kerimüddin Karaman Bey • Capitals: successively Ereğli • Ermenek • Larende (Karaman) • Konya • Mut
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty: Kerimeddin Karaman Bey (1256-1261) • Karamanoğlu Mehmed Bey (1261-1283) • Güneri Bey (1283-1300) • Bedreddin Mahmud Bey (1300-1308) • Yahşı Han Bey (1308-1312) • Bedreddin İbrahim Bey (1312-1333) • Alâeddin Halil Mirza Bey (1333-1348) • Bedreddin İbrahim Bey, 2nd reign (1348-1349) • Fahreddin Ahmed Bey (1349-1350) • Şemdeddin Bey the Second (1350-1351) • Burhaneddin Musa Bey (1351-1356) • Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey (1356-1357) • Alâeddin Ali Bey (1357-1398) • Nasreddin Mehmed Bey (1398-1399) • Bengi Alâeddin Ali Bey (1418-1424) • Damat İbrahim Bey (1424-1464) • Sultanzade İshak Bey (1464) • Sultanzade Pir Ahmed Bey (1464-1469) • Karamanoğlu Kasım Bey (1469-1483) • Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey (1483-1487)
1398-1402: First incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I • 1402 - 1414: Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane • 1414-1487: Gradual second incorporation into the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed I, Murad II and Mehmed II.
Important works:
 
Karesi (1303 - 1360)

Ancestor:: Melik Danişmend Gazi • Founder: Karesi Bey • Capital: Balıkesir
Important centers and extension: Aydıncık • Bergama • Edremit • Bigadiç • Ezine
Dynasty: Karesi Bey (1307 - 1328) • Demir Han (1328-1345) • Yahşı Han (1328-1345) • Süleyman Bey (1345-1360)
1374: Incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman Beylik under Orhan I and Murad I
Important works:
 
Ladik (İnançoğlu) (~ 1300 - 1368)

Ancestor:: Germiyanlı Ali Bey • Founder: İnanç Bey • Capital: Denizli
Important centers and extension: Denizli
Dynasty: İnanç Bey (~ 1300 - ~ 1314) • Murad Arslan (~ 1314 - ?) • İnançoğlu İshak Bey (? - ~ 1360) • Süleyman Bey (1345-1368)
1368: Re-incorporation (by conquest) into the Beylik of Germiyan
Important works:
 
Menteşe (~1261 - 1424)

Founder: Menteşe Bey • Capitals: Beçin castle and nearby Milas, later also Balat
Important centers and extension: present-day Muğla Province • Muğla • Finike • Kaş • Çameli • Acıpayam • Tavas • Bozdoğan • Çine • temporarily Aydın and Güzelhisar, also Rhodes between 1300-1314
Dynasty: Menteşe Bey (~1261 - ~1282) • Menteşeoğlu Mesud Bey (~1282 - ~1320) • Menteşeoğlu Şücaüddin Orhan Bey (~1320 - ~1340) • Menteşeoğlu İbrahim Bey (~1340 - ~1360)
1360: Division between the three sons of Menteşeoğlu İbrahim Bey; Musa, Mehmed, Ahmed • 1390: First period of incorporation into the Ottoman Empire (by submission) under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt • 1402 - 1414: Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Menteşeoğlu İlyas Bey • 1414: Recognition of Ottoman sovereignty under Mehmed I • 1424: Second and last incorporation (by submission) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works: Firuz Bey Mosque in Milas • İlyas Bey Mosque in Balat • Great Mosque of Muğla (1344) • Vakıflar Hamam (Turkish bath) in Muğla (1334)
 
Pervâneoğlu (1261 - 1322)

Ancestor: Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî (vizier of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm) • Founder: Süleyman Pervâne • Capital: Sinop
Important centers and extension: Sinop
Dynasty: Süleyman Pervâne (1261-1277) • Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey (1277-1296) • Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey (1296-1300) • Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi (1300-1326)
1516: Incorporation into the Beylik of Candaroğlu
Important works: Muîneddin Pervâne Medical Center (Darüşşifa) in Tokat (1276) • Pervâne Medrese in Sinop • Durağan Han caravanserai in Durağan (1266) • Eğret Han caravanserai near İhsaniye (1278) • Pervâne Bey Medrese in Closed Bazaar in Kayseri • Mosque in Merzifon
 
Ramazanoğlu (1352 - 1516)

Founder: Ramazan Bey from Yüreğir Oghuz clan • Capitals: Adana
Important centers and extension: Adana • Tarsus
Dynasty: Ramazanoğlu İbrahim Bey (1344-?) • Ramazanoğlu Ahmed Bey (? -1416) • Ramazanoğlu İbrahim Bey the Second (1416-1417) • Ramazanoğlu Hamza Bey (1417-1427) • Ramazanoğlu Mehmed Bey (1427-?) • Ramazanoğlu Eylük Bey (? - ?) • Ramazanoğlu Dündar Bey (? - ?) • Ramazanoğlu Ömer Bey (?-1490) • Gıyaseddin Halil Bey (1490-1511) • Ramazanoğlu Mahmud Bey (1511-1516) • Ramazanoğlu Selim Bey (? - ?) • Ramazanoğlu Kubad Bey (1517-?)
1516: Icorporation (by submission) into the Ottoman Empire under Selim I • 1516 - 1608: Dynasty members as Beys of Ottoman sanjak of Adana until 1608.
Important works:
 
Sâhipataoğlu (1275 - 1341)

Founder: Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali, vizier of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm • Capital: Afyonkarahisar
Important centers and extension: Akşehir • Beyşehir • Sandıklı • Denizli
Dynasty: Dynasty: Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali (1275 - 1288) and sons • Nusreddin Ahmed (1288 - 1341)
1341: Incorporation into the Beylik of Germiyan
Important works: Sâhib Ata Caravanserai in Sultandağı
 
Saruhan (1302 - 1410)

Founder: Saruhan Bey • Capital: Manisa
Important centers and extension: Demirci • Nif (Kemalpaşa) • Akhisar • Gördes • Menemen
Dynasty: Dynasty: Saruhan Bey (1302 - 1345) • Fahreddin İlyas Bey • Muzafferüddin İshak Bey ( - 1388) • Hızır Shah (1388 - 1390)
1390: First period of incorporation (by submission) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt • 1402 - 1410: Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Saruhanoğlu Orhan Bey (1402-1403) • Hızır Shah (1403 - 1410) • 1410: Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Mehmed I
Important works:
 
Teke (1301 - 1423)

Ancestors: Hamidoğlu dynasty • Founder: Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey • Capitals: Antalya • Korkuteli
Important centers and extension: Antalya (lost to the Kingdom of Cyprus between 1361-1373) • Teke Peninsula
Dynasty: Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey (1301 - ?) • Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey ( ? - 1327) • Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey ( ? - ?) • Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey (? - ?) • Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey (~ 1360 - ~ 1375) • Tekeoğlu Osman Bey (~ 1375 - 1390)
1390: First period of incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt • 1402 - 1423: Second period of Beylik restituted by Tamerlane to Tekeoğlu Osman Bey (1402-1423) • 1423: Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Important works: Yivli Minare Mosque in Antalya (~ 1375)
Languages