Ahkam
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Ahkam (Arabic: أحكام plural of Arabic: حكم) is a reference to the Islamic commandments, derived and understood from religious jurisprudence resources (Arabic: المنابع الفقه).
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[edit] Ahkam pentad
The acts of a Muslim must be done according to Islamic commandments, categorized in five groups, forming a pentad or (Arabic: الاحكام الخمسة). They show how Performing or abstaining from certain actions can be categorized as being obligatory or recommended in Islamic law. According to Islamic terminology the pentad consists of:
- Wajib, obligatory; also known as: fard, rukn
- Mustahabb, recommended, also known as fadilah, mandub
- Mubah, neither obligatory nor recommended (neutral)
- Makruh, abominable (abstaining is recommended)
- Haraam, prohibited (abstaining is obligatory)
[edit] Emergency conditions and public affairs
Religious precepts may be relaxed under certain extraordinary conditions. For example, although Muslims are required to fast during Ramadan, it may be acceptable for an ill man to break his fast if he is certain that fasting will worsen his illness.
The Islamic commandment for a society may become different from the one for an individual, considering the social and public aspects of certain actions. For example, according to various verses of the Quran,[1] Muslims are required to carry weapons, but the Islamic state can prohibit or limit weapons to ensure security in the society.
There are three types of pentad:
- Primary commandments, in the normal condition, for personal affairs
- Secondary commandments, in the emergency condition (Arabic: اضطرار), for personal affairs
- State commandments, for public affairs
[edit] References
- ^ Sura 4, verses 71 and 102.
