After Babel
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| After Babel | |
 First edition book cover |
|
| Author | George Steiner |
|---|---|
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Subject(s) | Language, Translation |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press |
| Publication date | January 1975 |
| Media type | print (hardback) |
| Pages | 520pp (first edition) |
| ISBN | ISBN 0-192-12196-0 |
After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation is a 1975 linguistics book written by literary critic George Steiner. It was first published by Oxford University Press in the United Kingdom and deals with the "Babel problem" of multiple languages.[1]
After Babel is a comprehensive study of the subject of language and translation.[2] It is both a controversial and seminal work[3] that covers a great deal of new ground and has remained the most thorough book on this topic since its publication.[2] Director Peter Bush of the British Centre for Literary Translation at the University of East Anglia described the book as a "pioneering work which revealed all communication as a form of translation, and how central translation is to relations between cultures."[4] Daniel Hahn at ContemporaryWriters.com wrote that "It is extraordinary in making a real contribution to translation studies, while remaining fairly self-contained and accessible to people who have never before given the matter a second thought."[2]
In 1992 a second edition was published by Oxford University Press with major revisions by Steiner, including a new preface, and new and expanded notes and references.[3] A third edition, with minor revisions by Steiner, was published by Oxford University Press in 1998.
After Babel was adapted for television in 1977 as The Tongues of Men and was the inspiration behind the creation in 1983 of the English avant-garde rock group News from Babel.
Contents |
[edit] Table of contents
- "Acknowledgements"
- "Preface"
- "Understanding as Translation"
- "Language and Gnosis"
- "Word Against Object"
- "The Claims of Theory"
- "The Hermeneutic Motion"
- "Topologies of Culture"
- "Afterword"
- "Select Bibliography"
- "Index of Proper Names and Titles"
[edit] Content
In After Babel Steiner states "To understand is to decipher. To hear significance is to translate." He challenges conventional theories of translation by maintaining that all human communication within and between languages is translation. He argues that deception was the reason for the development of different languages: it was humanity's deep desire for privacy and territory that saw the creation of thousands of languages, each designed to maintain secrecy and cultural isolation.[1] Real translation between languages is impossible because the original meaning is always lost: the translated text is tainted by the translator's own cultural beliefs, knowledge and attitudes.[5]
Steiner states that the reason for the lack of new developments in translation theory is that translation is a hermeneutical task, "not a science, but an exact art." He then presents a new translation model that combines philosophical hermeneutics with existing translation studies to form a "systematic hermeneutic translation theory". The new model comprises four "movements": trust, aggression, incorporation, and retribution.[5] "Trust" and "retribution" honour the source text and its author’s intentions, while "aggression" and "incorporation" benefits the translator.[6]
[edit] References
- Steiner, George (1975). After Babel. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-192-12196-0.
- Carne-Ross, D.S. "Cracking the Code: Book review of After Babel by George Steiner", The New York Review of Books, 1975-10-30.
- Ullendorff, Edward (1976). "George Steiner's After Babel". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 39 (2): 403-420. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b c Hahn, Daniel. George Steiner. Contemporary Writers in the UK. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ a b Aspects of Language and Translation. Kwintessential: Cross Cultural Solutions. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ Jaggi, Maya. George and his dragons. The Guardian, March 17, 2001. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ a b Youzi, Li. On the Subjectivity of the Translator. towerofbabel.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
- ^ Meirelles, Alexandre. After Babel, Aspects of Language and Translation Book Summary. Shvoong. Retrieved on 2008-04-15.
[edit] External links
- After Babel editions. Fantastic Fiction.
- After Babel summary. Shvoong.
- Beautiful Translations. A symposium on translation held on 1 May 1995 in London - George Steiner was a keynote speaker and After Babel featured prominently at the conference.
