Adolf Pilar von Pilchau

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Adolf Konstantin Jakob Pilar von Pilchau (23 May 1851 – 17 June 1925) was a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy (1918), and baron.

Pilar von Pilchau became the owner of Audru (German: Audern) manor, his birthplace after his father's death in 1870. In 1881 he rented Sauga manor. Both are situated in modern Pärnumaa, Estonia.

He started his political and administrative career in 1876 as a judge in the first district of Pernau (Pärnau) and proceeded from there to the position of Pernau city councillor in 1879. Three years later he began working for the Ritterschaft of Livonia, filling in the position of treasurer. In 1899 he was elected land councillor of Livonia which was a high position in the local government of Baltic Germans.

From 1908 to 1918 Pilar von Pilchau served as the land marshal of Livonia, leader of the Ritterschaft, the local government of Baltic Germans. From 1912–17 he was also a member of the Russian State Council as a representative of the Baltic provinces.

He was one of the persons behind the creation of the short-lived United Baltic Duchy and the first and only Chairman of its Regency Council from 5 November 1918 to 28 November 1918.

On 3 January 1919, Pilar von Pilchau went into exile and lived for several years in Weimar Germany. He returned to independent Estonia in 1923 with his wife and settled in the city of Pärnu where he died two years later.