Adhan
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| Arabic |
| أَذَان |
| Transliteration |
| aḏān, azaan, adhaan |
| Translation |
| call to prayer |
Adhan (Athaan) (أَذَان) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. The root of the word is ʼḏn "to permit", and another derivative of this word is uḏun, meaning "ear."
Adhan is called out by the mu'athin from a minaret of a mosque five times a day summoning Muslims for fard (mandatory) salah (prayers). There is a second call known as iqama that summons Muslims to line up for the beginning of the prayers.
Contents |
[edit] Text (Sunni)
| Recital | Arabic | Transliteration | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4x | الله اكبر | Allah Akbar | God is The Greatest* |
| 2x | اشهد ان لا اله الا الله | Ash-hadu al-lā ilāha illallāh | I bear witness that there is no lord except God |
| 2x | اشهد ان محمدا رسول الله | Ash-hadu anna Muhammadan rasūl allāh | I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God |
| 2x | حي على الصلاة | Hayya 'alas-salāt | Make haste towards prayer |
| 2x | حي على الفلاح | Hayya 'alal-falāh | Make haste towards welfare [success] |
| 2x | الله اكبر | Allahu akbar | God is greatest |
| 1x | لا اله الا الله | Lā ilāha illallāh | There is no lord except God |
* Followers of the Maliki madhab say this line twice instead of four times.
** The line "Prayer is better than sleep" is used only for the first prayers of the day at dawn (fajr Prayer; Salat al-fajr).
[edit] Text (Shi'a)
| Recital | Arabic | Transliteration | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4x | الله اكبر | Allah hu Akbar | God is the Greatest |
| 2x | اشهد ان لا اله الا الله | Ash-hadu anna lā ilāha illallāh | I bear witness that there is no lord except God |
| 2x | اشهد ان محمدا رسول الله | Ash-hadu anna Muhammadan rasūl allāh | I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God |
| 2x | حي على الصلاة | Hayya 'alas-salāt | Make haste towards prayer |
| 2x | حي على الفلاح | Hayya 'alal-falāh | Make haste towards welfare |
| 2x | حي علی خير العمل | Hayya 'alā Khair al-'amal | Make haste towards the best thing |
| 2x | الله اكبر | Allah u Akbar | God is the Greatest |
| 2x | لا اله الا الله | Lā ilāha illallāh | There is no Lord except God |
According to Shi'a scholars, "Ashhadu ana Alian waliullah" ("I testify that Ali is the associate of Allah") is not a part of Adhan and Iqamah but it is recommended (Mustahabb) to say that.[1]
[edit] Sunni view
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (May 2008) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
Sunnis state that the adhan was not written or said by Prophet Muhammad, but by one of his Sahabah (his companions), a freed Ethiopian slave by the name of Bilal ibn Rabah. However, Prophet Muhammad did choose adhan as the Islamic call to prayer in place of the bells used in Christianity and horns used by Jews.
During the Friday prayer (Salat Al Jummah), there are two adhans; the first is to call the people to the mosque, the second is said before the Imam begins the khutbah (sermon). Just before the prayers start, someone amongst the praying people recites the iqama as in all prayers.
[edit] Shi'a view
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (May 2008) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
Shi'a sources state that it is Muhammad who, according to God's command, ordered the adhan as a means of calling Muslims to prayer. Shi'a Islam teaches that no one else contributed, or had any authority to contribute, towards the composition of the adhan.
Other Shi'a sources state that Bilal ibn Ribah was, in fact, the first person to recite the adhan publicly out loud in front of the Muslim congregation.
[edit] The Adhan ( Athan ) sums up the teachings of Islam
The Adhan ( Athan ) beautifully sums up the teachings of Islam. If we study the Holy Quran ( Qu'ran ) and the sunnah we will find that there are four fundementals on which the entire superstructure of Islam rests: (a) Belief in the oneness of Allah and in the fact that there is no Power greater than Him; (b) he alone is the Creator and the Master of the universe and no one other can claim share in His Godhood of sovereignty; (c) Muhammad (peace be unto him) is the final dispenser of the Will of Allah and it is his words and deeds that His will finds expression; (c) it is not the material utility that determines tha value of things or acts in Islam but their spiritual significance - thus salvation in Islam lies in the purification of the soul which can be achieved only by willing and conscious obedience to the Commands of Allah, and prayer is the most important of that obedience; (d) the highest aim of the life of a Muslim is to live a life of a eternal bliss.
Looking into the character of the contents of Adhan (Athan), it becomes apperant that the teachings of Quran (Qu'ran) and the sunnah have been beautifully summed up in Adhan (Athan). If a person were to read and listen to nothing but Adhan ( Athan ) and grasp its meaning, he could understand all essentials of the Faith. The main purpose behind the loud pronouncement of Adhan ( Athan ) five times a day in every mosque is to make available to everyone and easily intelligible brief version of Islam. it is intented to bring to the mind of every believer and non believer the substance of Islamic beliefs, or its spritual ideology, as well as his/her goal in life and programme of righteous living. [3]
[edit] Dua following adhan
The following dua (supplication) is optionally read by Muslims after the adhan is recited.
| Arabic | Transliteration | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| اللهم رب هذه الدعوة التامة والصلاة القائمة | Allahumma rabba hadhi-hid da'wa-tit-tamma wa-salatil qae-ma | O God! Lord of this complete call and prayers of ours, by the blessing of it |
| آت محمداً الوسيلة و الفضيلة | Ati muhammadanil wasilata wal fadeela | Give to Muhammad his eternal rights of intercession |
| وابعثه مقاماً محموداً الذي وعدته | Wab ath-hu maqamam-mahmuda-nil ladhi wa at-ta | And raise him to the rank you have promised him |
[edit] The adhan in Turkey
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (May 2008) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. |
During the 1920s and 1930s, the government of İsmet İnönü (the second President of the Republic of Turkey) imposed a Turkish language adhan in place of the traditional Arabic; as an attempt, and only relatively successful one, at promoting Turkish as a liturgical language; to the widespread dismay of the public. The prohibition of the Arabic adhan was repealed on June 6, 1950, after an opposition election victory.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- [4] Sahih Imam Muslim Translation into English by Abdul Hamid Siddiqi
- http://www.iad.org/Pillars/athan.html
