Actinorhytis
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| Actinorhytis | ||||||||||||||
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| Actinorhytis calapparia |
Actinorhytis is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in Oceania. The lone species, Actinorhytis calapparia is a rain forest inhabitant and has the largest fruit of any palm in the Iguanurinae.[2] The genus name is from two Greek words meaning 'ray' and 'fold' which describe the endosperm of the seed.
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[edit] Description
The species is solitary trunked, reaching 12 to 14 m in height, and is relatively slender, usually no wider than 20 cm. At the base, the white to tan trunks are anchored by a large, conical mass of aerial roots and are topped by a distinct 1 m, crownshaft, slightly bulging at the base. The leaf crown is sparse but spherical, each arching leaf is around 3 m long with pinnately arranged, 45 cm leaflets which are dark green in color. The leaflets are closely and regularly arranged along the rachis and the abaxially rounded petiole is usually long in youth but shorter in maturity.
The much branched monoecious inflorescence forms below the leaf bases, ringing the trunk with cream colored male and female flowers. Both sexes carry three sepals and three petals and in both cases the sepals are two or three times longer than the petals. The inflorescence becomes pendent as the large fruit set; the beaked, ovoid fruit are red to purple to green; each fruit contains one seed.[3]
[edit] Distribution and habitat
These palms are endemic to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands thriving in lowland rain forest from sea level to 1000 m. While understory subjects for much of their life, they eventually reach the top of the forest canopy.
[edit] Cultivation and uses
A. calapparia is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia and Malesia where villagers attribute it magical or medicinal powers, or as a substitute to betel.[2] They have little tolerance for drought, requiring generous water as well as nutrient rich soil; they do, however, exhibit some tolerance to cold.
[edit] References
- ^ H.A. Wendland & Drude, Linnaea 39:184. 1875. Type:A. calapparia (Blume)
- ^ a b Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press. ISBN-10: ISBN-10: 0935868305 / ISBN-13: 978-0935868302
- ^ Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Portland: Timber Press. ISBN-10: 0881925586 / ISBN-13: 978-0881925586
