Acteonidae

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Acteonidae

Adam's baby bubble, Rictaxis punctostriatus

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Orthogastropoda
Superorder:	Heterobranchia
Order:	Opisthobranchia
Suborder:	Cephalaspidea
Superfamily:	Acteonoidea
Family:	Acteonidae d'Orbigny, 1843

Type genus

Acteon
Montfort, 1810

Genera

See text.

Acteonidae is a family of small marine sea snails of the opisthobranch suborder Cephalaspidea.

[edit] Shell description

The shell of these sand-dwelling micromollusks is small but it is large enough to house the retracted soft parts including the entire mantle. The narrow shell aperture, which is ovate and pointed on the top, can be closed with an operculum. The thick shell is oviform to fusiform, with a short (sometimes sunken) conical apex. They have spiral sculpturing. The elongated aperture opens up from narrow at the posterior notch to enlarged at the base. The base of the columella has several characteristic plaits.

[edit] Anatomy

The radula has no central tooth and there are five or six laterals on each side. The teeth are very similar in shape and size across the radula, which is specialised for a diet of polychaete worms. The eggs are enclosed in a long, gelatinous mass, which is attached to the substrate with a short stalk.

Further treatment can be found under Acteonoidea and Cephalaspidea.

[edit] Genera and species within the family Acteonidae

Genus Acteon Montfort, 1810 In the genus Acteon, the individual teeth of the radula are very small. There are many teeth in each row.

Acteon aethiopicus Martens, E.C. von, 1902
Acteon antarcticus Thiele, 1912
- Distribution : subantarctic
- Length : 6.6 mm
- Description : found at depths of 120 to 340 m
Acteon archibenthicola Habe, 1955
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon austrinus Watson, 1883
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon biplicatus Strebel, 1908
- Distribution : subantarctic, Argentina, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego
- Length : 4.4 mm
- Description : found at depths of 16 to 150 m
Acteon candens Rehder, 1939 Rehder’s baby bubble
- Distribution : Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, North Carolina, Florida, Western Atlantic Ocean.
- Length ; 10 mm
- Description : found at depths of 10 to 20 m; glossy white shell with five whorls; body whorl contains at the base three brown spiraling bands; the top of each whorl has a narrow brown band.
Acteon castus Hinds, 1844
- Distribution : West America
Acteon danaida Dall, 1881
- Distribution : Georgia, Caribbean, NE Brazil
- Length : 11 mm
- Description :.found at depths of 370 to 620 m; white translucent shell with five whorls.
Acteon delicatus Dall, 1889
- Distribution :Florida, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico.
- Length : 10 mm
- Description : found at depths of 135 to 565 m
Acteon dolichoroseus Iredale, 1936
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon edentulus Watson, 1883
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon eloiseae (= Punctacteon eloisae or perhaps a Maxacteon ?) Abbott, 1973 Eloise’s acteon
- Distribution : Red Sea, Oman.
- Length : 25-38 mm
- Description: sublittoral on sandy bottoms; cream-colored shell with 5 convex whorls, each whorl with many spiral windings; each whorl is filled with redbrown separate patterns with darkbrown to black borders; similar to Maxacteon flammea.
Acteon elongatus Castellanos, Rolán & Bartolotta, 1987
- Distribution : Argentina
- Length : 8.5 mm
- Description : found at depths of 150 to 600 m
Acteon exiguus Mörch, 1875
- Distribution : Venezuela, Surinam.
- Length : 6.5 mm
- Description : found at depths of 14 to 18 m
Acteon fabreanus (= Maxacteon fabreanus) Crosse, 1874
- Distribution : Philippines
- Length : 17-30 mm
- Description : white shell with five whorls, each whorl filled with lightbrown bands covering the many spirals of each whorl.
Acteon finlayi McGinty, 1955
- Distribution : Florida, Caribbean
- Length : 12 mm
- Description : found at depths up to 360 m
Acteon flammeus (= Maxacteon flammea) Gmelin, 1791
- Distribution : Red Sea, tropical Indo-West Pacific
- Length : 17 mm
- Description : the headshield is developing secondary tentacles.
Acteon fortis Thiele, 1925
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon hancocki (= Maxacteon hancocki) Rudman, 1971
- Distribution : New Zealand
Acteon hebes A. E. Verrill, 1885
- Distribution : Georgia, North Carolina.
- Length : 8 mm
- Description : deepsea species; found at depths of 800 to 4700 m
Acteon incisus Dall, 1881
- Distribution : Georgia, Mexico, Cuba
- Length : 10 mm
- Description : found at depths of 30 to 1170 m
Acteon juvenis Dall, 1927
- Distribution : Georgia
- Length : 3 mm
- Description : found at depths of over 500 m
Acteon kirai Habe, 1949
- Distribution : Philippines
- Length : 20 mm
- Description : shell whitish to brownish; five whorls, first whorl being the largest; each whorl has many spiral windings; outer lip is notched.
Acteon lactuca (author unknown)
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific.
Acteon lacunatus Dall, 1927
- Distribution : Georgia
- Length : 3 mm
- Description : found at depths of 800 m
Acteon mariae (author unknown)
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon melampoides Dall, 1881
- Distribution : Virginia, Florida, Caribbean
- Length : 9.6 mm
- Description : deepsea species; found at depths of 400 to 4700 m
Acteon milleri (= Maxacteon milleri) Rudman, 1971
- Distribution : New Zealand
Acteon minutus (author unknown)
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon monterosatoi Dautzenberg, 1889
- Distribution : Europe, Mediterranean, Azores
Acteon mysouffa cumingii Adams, 1854
- Distribution : Brazil, Florida
- Length : 10-20 mm
- Description : found at depths of 10 to 360 m; lightbrown shell with a large first whorl; each whorl with many spiral windings.; outer lip notched.
Acteon nakayamai Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Japan
Acteon nipponensis Yamakawa, 1911
- Distribution : Japan, Korea
- Length : 10 mm
Acteon oryza (author unknown)
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon ovulum (Pfeiffer, 1840)
- Distribution : Cuba
- Length : 3.6 mm
- Description :
Acteon panamensis Dall, 1908
- Distribution : Panama
Acteon parallelus Dall, 1927
- Distribution : Georgia
- Length : 3 mm
- Description : found at depths of 530 to 800 m
Acteon particolor Dall, 1927
- Distribution : Georgia
- Length : 3.5 mm
- Description : found at depths of 800 m
Acteon pelecais Marcus, 1972
- Distribution : Brazil
- Length : 9.5 mm
- Description : found at depths to 85 m
Acteon perforatus Dall, 1881
- Distribution : Mexico, Cuba
- Length : 14 mm
- Description : found at depths of 330 to 1450 m
Acteon proprius Dall, 1927
- Distribution : America, Georgia.
- Length : 4.3 mm
Acteon pudicus Adams, 1854
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon pulchrior Melvill, 1904
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon punctocaelatus (= Rictaxis punctocaelatus) Carpenter, 1864 Barrel shell; Carpenter's baby bubble
Acteon punctostriatus (= Rictaxis punctostriatus) Adams, 1840 Adam’s baby bubble
Acteon retusus Verco, 1907
- Distribution : Australia
Acteon roseus Hedley, 1906
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon semicingulatus Dall, 1927
- Distribution : Georgia
- Length : 3 mm
- Description : found at depths of 500 m
Acteon semisculptus E. A. Smith, 1890
- Distribution : Eastern Atlantic, St. Helena
- Length : 4 mm
Acteon senegalensis Petit de la Saussaye
- Distribution : West Africa
Acteon siebaldii Reeve, 1842
- Distribution : Japan, Coral Sea, Philippines
- Length : 10 mm
- Description: found on sandy bottoms; whitish shell; first whorl with lighbrown color bordered with darker brown bands.
Acteon soyoae Habe, 1961
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon splendidulus Mörch, 1875
- Distribution : Caribbean
- Length : 4.8 mm
Acteon subincisus Okutani, 1968
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon subroseus Iredale, 1936
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon teramachii Habe, 1950
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Acteon tornatilis Linnaeus, 1767 Lathe acteon
- Distribution : Iceland, Norway, British coasts, Norway to Congo, Mediterranean, Marmara Sea.
- Length : 10-25 mm
- Description : This is the major representative of the Acteonidae in European waters; It lives buried in the sand, in the intertidal zone and to a depth of up to 250 m; thick boldly colored shell with large body whorl; There are 6-7 whorls, filled with alternating wider lightbrown spiral bands and smaller pinkgray strips; white outer lip; the shell is elongate and ovate with a sharp apex. Aperture is narrow at the posterior notch but wider at the base. Columella slightly thickened and twisted.
Acteon traskii Stearns, 1897
- Distribution : California, Panama
- Length : 18 mm
Acteon vagabundus Mabille & de Rochebrune, 1885
- Distribution : East America
Acteon variegatus (= Punctacteon variegatus) Bruguière, 1789 Pink-spotted acteon
- Distribution : Philippines, West Australia.
- Length : 9-27 mm
- Description : sublittoral on sandy bottoms; convex, cream-colored shell with five whorls, each whorls is covered with transverse pink-colred to lightbrown patterns, without dark borders; whirls with prominent shoulder.
Acteon venustus d'Orbigny, 1840
- Distribution : West America
Acteon virgatus (= Punctacteon virgatus) Reeve, 1842 Striped acteon
- Distribution : SW Pacific
- Length : 25 mm
- Description : cream-colored convex shell with five whorls with many spiral grooves; transversely decorated with wavy darkbrown bands,.

Genus Callostracon

Callostracon amabile Watson, 1886
Callostracon tyrrhenicum Smriglio, C. & P. Mariottini, 1996
- Distribution : Tyrrhenian Sea.

Genus Crenilabium Cossmann, 1889

Crenilabium aciculatum Cossman, 1889
Crenilabium exilis (Jeffreys, 1870)
- Distribution : Florida, Mexico, Eastern Atlantic, Iceland, Mediterranean.
- Length : 8.1 mm
- Description : found at depths of 270 to 2640 m
Crenilabium pacifica Kuroda & Habe, 1958
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific

Genus Inopinodon Bouchet, 1975

Inopinodon azonicus Locard, 1897

Genus Japonactaeon Taki, 1956

Japonactaeon pusillus Macgillivray, 1843
- Distribution : Florida, Japan, Mediterranean
- Length : 11 mm
- Description : found at depths of 200 to 820 m

Genus Liocarenus Harris & Burrows, 1891

Liocarenus globulinus Forbes, 1844
- Distribution : Atlantic, Mediterranean

Genus Lissacteon Monterosato, 1890

Genus Maxacteon

Maxacteon cratericulatus Hedley, 1906
- Distribution : New Zealand
Maxacteon fabreanus (= Acteon fabreanus) Crosse, 1874
- Distribution : Philippines
- Length : 17-30 mm
- Description : white shell with five whorls, each whorl filled with lightbrown bands covering the many spirals of each whorl.
Maxacteon flammea (= Acteon flammeus) Gmelin, 1791
- Distribution : Red Sea, tropical Indo-West Pacific
- Length : 17 mm
- Description : the headshield is developing secondary tentacles.
Maxacteon hancocki (= Acteon hancocki) Rudman, 1971
- Distribution : New Zealand
- Length : 6 mm
- Description : headshield with a pair of fleshy lobes; thin operculum; white shell with orange-brown markings at the base and at the apex; large body whorl; large columella, slightly twisted; shell sculptured with grooves
Maxacteon milleri (= Acteon milleri) Rudman, 1971
- Distribution : New Zealand

Genus Microglyphis Dall, 1902

Microglyphis breviculus Dall, 1902
- Distribution America
Microglyphis curtulus Dall
- Distribution : Patagonia
Microglyphis estuarinus Dall, 1908
- Distribution : West America
Microglyphis globularis Smith, 1875
- Distribution : Japan
Microglyphis japonicus T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Microglyphis mazatlanicus Dall, 1908
- Distribution : West America
Microglyphis perconicus Dall, 1890
- Distribution : West America

Genus Mysouffa Marcus, 1974

Mysouffa cumingii (= Acteon mysouffa cumingii) (A. Adams, 1855)
- Distribution : Florida, Brazil
- Length : 20 mm
Mysouffa turrita (Watson, 1883)
- Distribution : Jamaica, Cuba, Caribbean
- Length : 14 mm
- Description : found at depths of around 700 m

Genus Neactaeonina Thiele, 1912

Neactaeonina cingulata Strebel, 1908
- Distribution : subantarctic
- Length : 10.5 mm
- Description : found at depths of 50 to 350 m
Neactaeonina edentula Watson, 1883
- Distribution : subantarctic, Indian Ocean, Kerguelen Islands.
- Length : 49.6 mm
- Description : found at depths of 170 to 800 m
Neactaeonina inexpectata Dell, 1956
- Distribution : New Zealand

Genus Obrussena Iredale, 1930

Obrussena bracteata Iredale, 1930
- Distribution : Australia
Obrussena moeshimaensis T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Japan

Genus Ovulacteon Dall, 1889

Ovulacteon meekii Dall, 1889
- Distribution : Cuba, Bahamas, East Brazil
- Length : 5.5 mm
- Description : found at depths of 360 to 820 m

Genus Pseudacteon Thiele, 1925

Pseudacteon albus Sowerby, 1873
- Distribution : South Africa
Pseudacteon pusillus Forbes, 1844
- Distribution : Florida, North Atlantic, Mediterranean
- Length : 11 mm
Pseudacteon tenellus Loven, 1846

Genus Punctacteon Kuroda & Habe, 1961

Punctacteon amakusaensis T. Habe, 1949
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Punctacteon cebuanus Lan, 1985
- Distribution : Philippines
Punctacteon eloisae = Acteon eloisae
Punctacteon fabraeus H. Crosse
Punctacteon kajiyamai T. Habe, 1976
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Punctacteon kawamurai T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Japan
Punctacteon kirai T. Habe, 1949
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Punctacteon virgatus : = Acteon virgatus

Genus Pupa Röding, 1798 The slugs of the genus Pupa have a large headshield with a deep median slit, separating it into two posteriorly projecting lobes.

Pupa affinis Adams, 1854
- Distribution : South Africa, Red Sea, Indo-Pacific
- Length : 11-20 mm
- Description : cream-colored shell with horizontal spiraled patterns (dark brown, light brown or greenish) without dark borders; sharp apex
Pupa alveola Souverbie, 1863
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Pupa choshiensis T. Habe, 1958
- Distribution : Japan
Pupa cinerea R. B. Watson, 1886
- Distribution : Japan
Pupa clathrata Yokoyama, 1922
- Distribution : Japan
Pupa coccinata L. A. Reeve, 1842 (considered by some to be a color form of Pupa strigosa)
- Distribution : Japan, tropical Indo-West Pacific
- Length : 25 mm
- Description : headshield flaps cover the opening of the mantle cavity; white-colored with many orange-red spots in spiraling bands
Pupa davisi Kilburn, 1975
- Distribution: South Africa
- Length : 12.5 mm
- Description : cream-colored shell with sharp apex.
Pupa fumata Gould, 1859 Brown Pupa
- Distribution : tropical, Western Australia, Indo-Pacific
- Length : 20 mm
- Description : shell with spiral ribs; patterns of brown or gray spots on a cream-colored background; whorls separated by a white narrow band.
Pupa kirki Hutton, 1873
- Distribution : New-Zealand
- Length : 15 mm
- Description : smooth cream-colored to lightpink shell with numerous horizontal spiral bands; columella has brownish to reddish color.
Pupa niecaensis K. H. Barnard, 1963
- Distribution : South Africa
Pupa nitulida Lamarck, 1818 Smooth pink pupa
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific, Philippines, New Caledonia, South Africa
- Length : 10-18 mm
- Description : shell has a smooth creamy to pink color; sharp apex.
Pupa nivea Angas, 1871
- Distribution : West Australia
- Length : 14 mm
- Description : slender, elongate shell with sharp apex; white colored with numerous fine spiral grooves.
Pupa pudica Adams, 1854
- Distribution : Hawaii
- Length : 7 mm
- Description : pink-colored elongate shell, with spiral bands of lightbrown patterns.
Pupa solidula Linnaeus, 1758 Solid pupa
- Distribution : cosmopolitan, Indo-Pacific
- Length : 15-35 mm
- Description: shell with a white background, covered with horizontally spiraling bands of dark brown to light brown patterns; sharp apex.
Pupa solidula fumata (= Pupa fumata) Reeve, 1865 Brown pupa
- Distribution : Philippines, Thailand
- Length : 6 mm
Pupa strigosa Gould, 1859
- Distribution : Indo-West Pacific, Japan, Taiwan, South China Sea
- Length : 13 mm
- Description : intertidal to 100 m in sand; white-colored with many black spiral grooves.
Pupa strigosa sekii Habe, 1958
- Distribution : Japan
Pupa sulcata Gmelin, 1791 Furrowed pupa
- Distribution : cosmopolitan, tropical Indo-Pacific, Japan
- Length : 10-25 mm
- Description : intertidal and up to depths of 30 m, burrowing in the sand; lightbrown shell with horizontal darker bands, where the darkest parts form a vertical band; sharp apex
Pupa suturalis A. Adams, 1855
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
Pupa tessellata L. A. Reeve, 1842
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific

Genus Rictaxis Dall, 1871 The genus name is derived from Larin words, meaning “open mouth” and “axis”, referring to the columella.

Rictaxis albus Sowerby, 1873
- Distribution : South Africa
- Length : 10-21 mm
- Description white shell with numerous spiraling white to lightbrown grooves
Rictaxis painei Dall, 1903
- Distribution : America
Rictaxis punctocaelatus Carpenter, 1864 Barrel shell; Carpenter's baby bubble
- Distribution : Southern Alaska, British Columbia, California
- Length : 10-20 mm
- Description : found in sand from lowtide line to depths up to 50 m; evenly elleptical shell with alternating darker brown and grayish-brown bands; outer lip and columellar folds are whitish; large spire; ovate columella strongly twisted, with a pointed posterior notch and a rounded base.
Rictaxis punctostriatus (C. B. Adams, 1840) Adam’s baby bubble, pitted baby bubble
- Distribution : Western Atlantic, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, Caribbean, Venezuela.
- Length :3- 7.5 mm
- Description : found in mud or sand at lowtide line to depths of up to 100 m; ovate white shell with shouldered whorls; body whorl has 10-14 slightly irregular spiral grooves; twisted columella; aperture ovate, rounded above and below; eggs in a spiral string, enclosed in a mucous tube.