ACT New Zealand

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ACT New Zealand
Image:ACTNewZealandLogo.png
Leader Rodney Hide
President Garry Mallett
Deputy Heather Roy
Number of MPs in the House of Representatives 2
Founded 1994
Headquarters Clovernook Road, Newmarket, Auckland
Political Ideology Classical Liberalism, Neoconservatism
International Affiliation Not Affiliated
Colours Yellow and blue
Website www.act.org.nz
See also:
 Politics & Government

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The New Zealand political party ACT New Zealand espouses free market liberal points of view in the New Zealand Parliament. According to current party leader Rodney Hide the party stands for "individual freedom, personal responsibility (trusting people), doing the best for our natural environment and for smaller, smarter government in its goals of a prosperous economy, a strong society, and a quality of life that is the envy of the world".[1] The name comes from the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, the organization out of which the party grew in 1993.

Supporters[who?] claim that ACT has become one of the more noticeable opposition parties, known for its frequent and vociferous criticism of the government. Critics of the party point out that ACT is more interested in scoring political points and gaining media exposure than in participating in constructive dialogue. Some of its rank-and-file members are also perceived to have more in common with neo-conservatism than classical liberalism.[2] Supporters, however, say that ACT "keeps the government honest", and ensures accountability.

Contents

[edit] Philosophy

ACT bases its philosophy on individual freedom and on personal responsibility.[3] Perhaps properly described as "classical liberal", ACT states its principles and policy objectives as:

Principles
  • That individuals are the rightful owners of their own lives and therefore have inherent freedoms and responsibilities
  • That the proper purpose of government is to protect such freedoms and not to assume such responsibilities.

[edit] Policy objectives

[edit] Current issues

ACT New Zealand currently focuses on two main policy areas - taxation and crime. On the subject of taxes, ACT says that tax rates should be lower, and also supports something approaching a flat tax, in which tax rates would not be graduated based on wealth or income, so every taxpayer would pay the same proportion of their income in tax. The flat tax rate that ACT wants to target would be approximately 15%.[citation needed] Aligned to the lower tax proposal, ACT also wants to reduce or remove some Government programmes which they see as unnecessary and wasteful and increase self-reliance by encouraging individuals to take responsibility to pay for services traditionally paid for by Government. Critics point out that those with greater wealth would tend to cope with such self-reliance, whereas those with lower income would have fewer choices.[citation needed]

On the subject of crime, ACT advocates harsher penalties as the crime rate in New Zealand is higher than other comparable countries[citation needed] - in particular violent crime[citation needed] such as murder and violent assault. Some critics claim that New Zealand's high crime rate is due to the economic structural reforms known as Rogernomics instituted by Labour and National during the 1980s and early 1990s, although supporters point out that the crime rate has been growing since the 1970s and peaked at the end of the reforms.

Other policies ACT advocates include:

Members of ACT's caucus in parliament voted 5 to 4 in favour of the 2004 Civil Unions legislation which gave legal recognition to (among others) same-sex couples. A majority also supported[citation needed] the legalisation of brothels by the Prostitution Reform Act 2003.

[edit] History

[edit] Origins

ACT grew out of the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, although the organizations remain legally separate. The association was founded in 1993 by Roger Douglas and Derek Quigley, both former cabinet ministers. The organization was intended to be a lobby group, promoting the economic policies that Douglas and Quigley stood for (sometimes known as "Rogernomics").

The following year, with the newly-introduced MMP electoral system making it easier for smaller parties to gain seats, ACT New Zealand emerged as a separate political party based on the association's views. Douglas selected longtime Labour Party activist Brian Nicolle to help him establish the party.

The Association of Consumers and Taxpayers still exists on paper, although it has little substance.[citation needed] The Association is technically a lobby group promoting free market economics. It holds its annual general meetings during the annual general meetings of ACT New Zealand and the members of the Board of Trustees also serve as board members of the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers.

Douglas led the party initially, but in March of 1996 he stepped down Richard Prebble became the party leader.

[edit] 1996-1999

In the 1996 election, ACT gained eight seats in Parliament — one electorate seat and seven list seats. Prebble was elected in Wellington Central; some[who?] believe that he won after Prime Minister Jim Bolger appeared to endorse Prebble over his own National Party's candidate. ACT had by this time adopted the role of a natural coalition partner with National (a significant departure from Douglas and Prebble's origins in Labour), and would have been assured representation in Parliament if Prebble won. Under New Zealand's MMP system, any party that wins an electorate seat qualifies for list seats, even if it does not get 5% of the vote. However, some observers pointed out that Prebble had a substantial lead well before the election and would have won even without Bolger's endorsement. It ended up being a moot point, as ACT won 6.1% of the vote, just over the MMP threshold. It remained outside the National-New Zealand First coalition government, although sometimes gave it support.

[edit] 1999-2002

In the election of 1999, ACT increased its numbers in parliament by one seat, giving it a total of nine, although Prebble lost his Wellington Central electorate seat.

[edit] 2002-2005

In the 2002 election, ACT's strength in parliament remained unchanged, prompting some people[who?] to speculate about Prebble's leadership. However there were no obvious challenges, and Prebble remained in control until he decided to resign in 2004.

In 2003, allegations against Donna Awatere Huata, one of its MPs, came to embarrass the Party. It was claimed that Awatere Huata had diverted funds from a children's educational program for her own personal use, and an official investigation was launched. This investigation eventually led to Awatere Huata's arrest for fraud. As ACT had a reputation for vociferously attacking any perceived dishonesty by members of other parties, the charges against Awatere Huata were quite embarrassing. Awatere Huata refused to resign from Parliament, but was expelled from the ACT caucus. That November, she was removed from the party itself, becoming an independent. ACT tried to remove her from Parliament by invoking the Electoral Integrity Act, as her departure from the party left ACT with fewer seats than the public had chosen to give it at the last election. In November 2004, Awatere Huata was finally removed from Parliament after her last court challenge failed, and the next person on the ACT list, Kenneth Wang, was appointed in her place.

Towards the end of 2003, some people[who?] started discussion about a possible pact between ACT and the (larger) National Party. Although ACT had long portrayed itself as a natural coalition partner for National, there has never been a formal agreement between the two. Some right-wing politicians believe that an agreement is essential to the establishment of a new right-wing government, and point to the pre-election agreement between Labour and the Alliance in 1999. As yet, however, there has been no deal.

On 27 April 2004, Richard Prebble announced his retirement from politics. An "indicative" ballot of the party's members selected Rodney Hide as Prebble's successor. The other candidates were Ken Shirley (the party's deputy leader), Stephen Franks, and Muriel Newman. The leadership race saw considerable tension between two factions of the party - Rodney Hide, one of the two main contenders, was regarded as representing a "populist", high-profile approach, while his main rival, Stephen Franks, was seen as more ideologically grounded. ACT's founder, Roger Douglas, saw Hide's alleged "grandstanding" as detracting from the group's core message, and had spoken out in favour of Franks and Shirley. In the end, however, Hide was successful, and was announced as the party's new leader on 13 June 2004.

[edit] 2005 election

In the lead-up to the election in 2005, opinion-polls showed ACT support well below the 5% threshold.[citation needed] ACT's best[citation needed] prospect of winning an electorate appeared the relatively wealthy National-held Epsom seat in Auckland, contested by Rodney Hide. The party was ruled out as "dead" by much of the media, possibly assisting the downward spiral (see: Wasted vote), especially as polls conducted in the Epsom seat had incorrectly shown Hide's support being far below National's candidate. It was repeatedly put to the National Party that they could ensure the survival of ACT in Parliament as a potential coalition partner by supporting Hide in Epsom. While not emphatically ruling out the possibility, then National leader Don Brash stuck to the line that National "had no plans to do a deal". The Labour Party, however, saw the possibility of National supporters voting for Hide and encouraged their own supporters to vote for the National candidate in order to shut ACT out of parliament.

Hide won the seat by a moderate margin — only the second time that ACT had won an electorate seat. Nationwide, ACT's vote fell by a greater extent than any of the other small parties. It won only 1.5% of vote, winning only one additional list seat, that of Heather Roy. Roy has since become the party's new deputy leader, as the party's support had dropped enough to keep former deputy Muriel Newman from returning to Parliament.

[edit] 2005-2007

Since the 2005 election ACT has set about the task of restoring the party, in terms of membership and finances. This has had limited success[citation needed] and the party remains a long way off the levels of support it enjoyed in the mid-1990s. The ACT Annual Conference was held in Wellington over the weekend of March 24-26 2006. An almost entirely new Board was elected, reflecting the need for a change of direction within the party, and the emergence of a strong youth presence. Hamilton business-owner Garry Mallett was elected President, defeating Hawkes Bay farmer and former ACT Vice-President John Ormond. Christchurch's Trevor Loudon replaced Ormond as Vice-President, defeating Auckland's Barry Parkin. The Conference was most notable for the attendance of Māori Party Co-leader Tariana Turia. While the Māori Party and ACT do oppose each other in several areas, policies on welfare, tax and education are very similar. On completion of her speech, Turia received a standing ovation from the predominantly Pākehā and Asian crowd. Her presence is seen by many as a move by the ACT Party's Rodney Hide to broker a coalition of opposition parties to contest the 2008 election against the Labour minority Government.

Hide has also sought to "rebrand" the party. While not moving away from ACT's key tenets of freedom, choice, and personal responsibility, Hide has said that provided the governing Labour Party promise (amongst other things) significant tax cuts, ACT could provide the centre-left party with support. This is seen by many as a departure from ACT's position of being a staunch National ally. Others point out that ACT is a centre-right liberal party (as opposed to National, a conservative party) and as such have many areas of agreement with Labour (seen as more liberal than National).

This new approach by the ACT Party has prevailed (at least publicly) since Rodney Hide and deputy-leader (and fellow-MP) Heather Roy returned from a privately funded tour of Europe. During this trip, Hide and Roy met with a number of political parties, including the Irish Progressive Democrats, and the German Free Democrats, both parties with similar ideologies to ACT, but with substantially better electoral records.

[edit] Electoral results (1996-2005)

Election # of candidates nominated (electorate/list) # of seats won # of party votes  % of popular vote
1996
65 / 56
8
126,442
6.10%
1999
61 / 65
9
145,493
7.04%
2002
56 / 60
9
145,078
7.14%
2005
56 / 59
2
34,469
1.50%

[edit] Office-holders

[edit] Organisational President

[edit] Vice-President

  • David Schnauer (1999-2000)
  • Rodney Hide (2000-2001)
  • Vince Ashworth (2001-2004)
  • John Ormond (2004-2006)
  • Trevor Loudon (2006-2008)
  • Michael Crozier (2008-present)[4]

[edit] Parliamentary Party Leader

[edit] Deputy Parliamentary Party Leader

[edit] Members of Parliament

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Rodney Hide, "Speech to ACT Auckland Regional Conference, 30 July 2006"
  2. ^ Peron, "The New Anti-PC Problem"
  3. ^ [1] ACT's Pledge To New Zealand, reported on 19 May 2008
  4. ^ The ACT Board of Trustees. Retrieved on 2008-04-01.

[edit] External links

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