Abu'l-Khayr Khan
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- This article is about the 13th Century Uzbek leader, for the 18th century Kazakh leader see Abul Khair Khan.
Abu'l-Khayr Khan (ruled 1428–1468) was the leader who united the Uzbek confederation[1] from which the Kazakh khanate later separated in rebellion under Janybek Khan and Kerei Khan beginning in 1466.
In 1428 Abu'l-Khayr Khan, a descendant of Genghis Khan, through Jöchi's fifth son Shiban[2][1], and a bej of the White Horde, began consolidating various Uzbek tribes, first in the area around Tyumen and the Tura River[1] and then down into the Syr Darya region, eventually wresting some lands from Timurid control.[2] He deposed and killed the khan of the Khanate of Sibir after a battle on the Tobol River. [3] Abu'l-Khayr Khan was assisted in his consolidation by the Manghits[4], another tribe in the White Horde, and especially by Vaqqāṣ Bej, Edigü's grandson.[1] Vaqqāṣ joined with Abu'l-Khayr Khan in 1430 in his campaign against Khwarezm.
After Abu'l-Khayr Khan's death two separate lines of descent controlled the twin Uzbek states of Mawara al-Nahr and Khwarezm.[2] In the first decade of the 16th century his grandson Muhammad Shaybani finally succeeded in the unification of the Uzbeks and established the short-lived Shaybanid Empire, centred in Samarkand.
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c d DeWeese, Devin A. (1994) Islamization and native religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and conversion to Islam in historical and epic tradition Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pa., p. 345, ISBN 0-271-01072-X
- ^ a b c Noelle, Christine (1997) State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863) Curzon, Richmond, Surrey, UK, p. 65, ISBN 0-7007-0629-1
- ^ Forsyth, James (1992) A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony, 1581-1990 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, p.25, ISBN 0-521-47771-9
- ^ Tavārīkh-i guzīdah nuṣrat'nāmah microfilm of British Library ms. Or. 3222. British Museum Photographic Service, 197- , London, (Cat. Turk. p. 276) (neg. = 1364). An early 16th Century Shibanid history.
