ABC Television
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ABC Television is a service of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation launched in 1956. As a public broadcaster, the ABC provides two main channels within Australia as well a partially advertising-funded satellite channel overseas.
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[edit] History
The history of the ABC's television operations can be traced back to 1953, when the federal Television Act was passed, providing the initial regulatory framework for both the ABC and commercial television networks.[1][2] Over the next three years, planning for the introduction of a national television service was put in place - land for studios and transmitters in Sydney and Melbourne was acquired, and overseas tutors were brought to Australia to assist with training.[1][2] Commercial station TCN-9 Sydney was the first to broadcast in Australia, soon followed by the ABC's own ABN-2 Sydney and later ABV-2 in Melbourne.[1][2] Six stations, three in Melbourne and three in Sydney, were in operation in time to cover the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.[1][2] The ABC's first television broadcast was inaugurated by Prime Minister Robert Menzies on November 5, at the Gore Hill studios in Sydney, followed two weeks later by transmission in Melbourne.[1][2]
Although radio programs could be broadcast nationally by landline, television relay facilities were not put in place until the early 1960s.[1] This meant that news bulletins had to be sent to each capital city by teleprinter, to be prepared and presented separately in each city, with filmed materials copied manually and sent to each state.[1][2] A purpose-built television studio was built in Sydney, and opened on January 29, 1958 - replacing temporary sound studios used since the ABC's television services launched in 1956. In the same year, technical equipment was also moved to permanent locations, while main transmitters were introduced to Melbourne and Sydney in 1957 and 1958, respectively.[3]
Direct relays between Sydney and Melbourne, as well as Canberra, were also established in 1961, replacing temporary microwave relays as a means of simultaneously airing programs across multiple stations.[4][2] Videotape equipment, allowing the sharing of footage with much greater ease and speed, was installed in each state capital by 1962.[1]
ABQ-2 Brisbane was the third ABC TV station to launch and was followed a year later by counterparts in Perth, Hobart, and Adelaide. ABC-3 Canberra opened a year later, with ABD-6 Darwin finally completing the ABC's coverage of every state in 1971.
Teletext services were introduced to ABC-TV in 1983 to allow hearing impaired viewers access to closed captions.[5] International television service Australia Television International was established in 1993.[6] [5] Australia Television was sold to the Seven Network in 1998, however the service continued to show content from ABC News up until its closure in 2001.[5]
The ABC's television operations joined its radio and online divisions at the Corporation's Ultimo headquarters in 2000.[7] In 2002, the ABC launched ABC Asia Pacific - the replacement for the defunct Australia Television channel operated previously by the Seven Network.[5] Much like its predecessor, and companion radio network Radio Australia, the service provided a mix of programming targeted at audiences throughout the Asia-Pacific region.[5] Funding cuts in 2003, meanwhile, led to the closure of Fly and the ABC Kid's Channel.[5]
ABC2, a second attempt at a digital-only television channel, launched on March 7, 2005. Unlike its predecessors the new service was not dependent on government funding, instead running on a budget of $3 million per year.[5] Minister for Communications Helen Coonan inaugurated the channel at Parliament House three days later.[8] Genre restrictions limiting the types of programming the channel could carry were lifted in October, 2006 - ABC2 was henceforth able to carry programming classified as comedy, drama, national news, sport and entertainment.[9]
In the lead up to the 2007 federal election, the Australian Government endorsed a proposal submitted to the Australian Communications and Media Authority by the ABC to launch a second digital channel targeted at children.[10] The new channel, titled ABC3 would aim to provide at least 50% Australian-made content.[11]
At midday on February 8, 2008, ABC TV was rebranded as ABC1, complementing the existing ABC2 digital-only channel launched on March 7, 2005.[12][13]
[edit] Services
[edit] Australia
Within Australia, the ABC operates two channels. ABC1, the Corporation's original television service, receives the bulk of funding for television and shows first-run comedy, drama, documentaries, and news and current affairs. In each state and territory a local news bulletin is shown at 7.00pm nightly.
ABC2, launched in 2005, is a digital-only channel that shows repeated programs from ABC1, as well as some original content including news programs, children's shows, animation, and music shows. ABC HD, a high-definition simulcast of ABC1 Sydney, is also available in most areas.
Although the ABC's headquarters in Sydney serve as a base for program distribution nationally, ABC Television network is comprised of eight state- and territory-based stations, each based in their respective state capital:
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[edit] Overseas
The Australia Network is an international satellite television service operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, funded by advertising and grants from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Aimed at the Asia-Pacific region, the service broadcasts a mixture of English language programming, including general entertainment, sport, and current affairs.
[edit] Other
Between 2001 and 2003, the ABC operated two separate digital channels. The ABC Kids Channel and Fly TV, opened soon after the launch of digital terrestrial television in Australia, showed programs focussed mainly at children and teenagers. The two channels closed in 2003 when the ABC was unable to secure government funding.
The Australian government announced a proposal in September, 2007 to launch a new digital-only children's channel, to be named ABC3.[10] The proposal indicated that the channel would be aimed at children below the age of 15 years, with 50% of its programming derived from Australian sources. Unlike its predecessor, the ABC Kids Channel, ABC3 would run from 6am to 9pm each day, and feature drama, comedy, animation and music.[14] The proposal received support from the Australian Liberal Party during its election campaign however it is not known whether the incumbent Labor government supports the proposal. Recently on digital recorders, the ABC3 channel will appear though it is only a simulcast of ABC1 for the moment.[15] ABC3 currently broadcasts the same content as ABC1 but in the future may broadcast alternative content. [1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h About the ABC - The 50s - The Postwar Years. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ a b c d e f g Brooklyn Ross-Hulands. AusTVHistory: Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1950s-1960s. AusTVHistory. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
- ^ Twenty-Sixth Annual report of the Australian Broadcasting Commission, 1958
- ^ About the ABC - The 60s and 70s. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ a b c d e f g Inglis, Kenneth Stanley (2006). Whose ABC? The Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1983-2006. Melbourne, Victoria: Black Inc.. ISBN 1-86395-189-X.
- ^ About the ABC - The 90s. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ About the ABC - 2000s - A New Century. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-10-01.
- ^ ABC2 launched at Parliament House. ABC New Media & Digital Services. dba.org.au (2005-03-11). Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ Australia opens up media investment. MediaGuardian.co.uk. guardian.co.uk (2006-10-18). Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
- ^ a b "Free kids' TV channel is as easy as ABC3", The Age, 2007-09-23. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ "Kids to get own channel", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2007-09-23. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ "ABC promises more content choice", The Australian, 2008-02-06. Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
- ^ Welch, Dylan. "ABC squiggle to stay", Brisbane Times, 30 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-01-30.
- ^ "Kids to get own channel", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2007-09-23. Retrieved on 2007-09-23.
- ^ "The state of Children's television", Radio National, 2007-12-06. Retrieved on 2007-12-06.
[edit] External links
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