A Walking Song

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"A Walking Song" is a poem in the form of a song from J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings, originally published in three volumes. It appears in the second chapter of the novel, entitled "Three is Company"; usually as part of the first volume, The Fellowship of the Ring. It is given its title in an index to songs and poems usually published in the third volume, The Return of the King.^[1]

[edit] Context

The hobbit Frodo Baggins is traveling to Bucklebury in the Shire, accompanied by his servant Sam Gamgee and his kinsman Pippin Took. Frodo is ostensibly moving to a newly purchased house, having sold his old house Bag End to his relatives. However, he and Sam have secretly planned to journey beyond, to the Elven haven of Rivendell; Frodo has the magic Ring of the Dark Lord Sauron in his possession, and he believes it will be safe there. They journey into the night, and at this point

They began to hum softly, as hobbits have a way of doing as they walk along, especially when they are drawing near to home at night. With most hobbits it is a supper-song or a bed-song; but these hobbits hummed a walking-song (though not, of course, without any mention of supper and bed).^[2]^[3]

Frodo's cousin Bilbo Baggins, who had adopted him and considered him his nephew, had made up the words "to a tune that was as old as the hills, and taught it to Frodo as they walked in the lanes of the Water-valley and talked about Adventure".^[2]

After the song ends, the hobbits encounter a Black Rider for the second time.^[2]

The song is mirrored at the end of the novel, in the chapter "The Grey Havens", usually published as part of The Return of the King. Frodo sings part of the song with slightly changed words, as he is leaving on a journey to the Undying Lands.^[4]^[5]

[edit] Adaptations

Both versions of the poem have been set to music by the Danish group The Tolkien Ensemble, with melodies composed by its member Peter Hall. They appear on the group's albums At Dawn in Rivendell (2002) and Complete Songs & Poems (2006 - compilation).

Part of "A Walking Song" is featured in a profoundly different context in New Line Cinema's The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, directed by Peter Jackson, and released in 2003.

Some lines from the poem are part of a larger montage entitled "The Steward of Gondor", which was written by Howard Shore and arranged by Philippa Boyens.^[6]^[7] The song is called "The Edge of Night" after a phrase in the lyrics. Its melody was composed by Billy Boyd, who plays Pippin.^[6]^[7]

In the film, Denethor, the Steward of Gondor residing in its capital Minas Tirith, bids Pippin to sing for him while he eats. At the same time, Denethor's son Faramir attempts to retake the city of Osgiliath which has been occupied by Orcs, as requested by his father. The mission is a futile one. Pippin sings while Faramir and his horsemen are riding in slow motion to be massacred by the Orcs. As the song ends, Pippin begins to cry softly, as he realizes that Faramir most likely died in vain to try to prove to his father that he was like his slain older brother Boromir, whom Denethor loved greatly. In a later scene, a gravely wounded Faramir is dragged back to the city by his horse, to his father's remorse.

Pippin's song in the film is only a fraction of the poem as written by Tolkien. It all comes from the last stanza, though some lines are skipped, and some are slightly re-written.^[8]

According to Jackson, the song was only devised while shooting the film. Boyd envisioned the song to be one that his character had (in his own words) "probably heard his grandfather sing, you know, from when the hobbits were looking for the Shire." The song was recorded in Abbey Road Studios in London. Boyd calls it "a huge highlight" of his career.^[9]

Paul Broucek, executive music producer at New Line Cinema, comments: "Instead of a noisy battle scene, you have the juxtaposition of the beautiful, haunting melody that Billy created and sings, and that Howard supports with very simple underpinnings of orchestra growing out of it."^[9]

Frodo's variation on the song in the book was used for the soundtrack of the film, when Frodo and company are at the Grey Havens; the lyrics are converted into Sindarin by David Salo.^[6]

The scenes featuring "The Edge of Night" were largely invented by the film's writers, as events in Tolkien's book play out quite differently:

Though Denethor asks Pippin if he can sing, the latter is not actually made to sing. Tolkien writes:

"...You shall wait on me, bear errands, and talk to me [...]. Can you sing?"

"Yes," said Pippin. "Well, yes, well enough for my own people. But we have no songs fit for great halls and evil times, lord..."

"...Pippin's heart sank. He did not relish the idea of singing any song of the Shire to the Lord of Minas Tirith, certainly not the comic ones that he knew best [...]. He was however spared the ordeal for the present. He was not commanded to sing. Denethor turned to Gandalf..."^[10]

Faramir is wounded while defending Osgiliath, not attempting to retake it - specifically while covering the retreat to Minas Tirith. Also, he is borne back to the city by horsemen.^[10]