A.N.S.W.E.R.

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Act Now to Stop War and End Racism — also known as International A.N.S.W.E.R. and the ANSWER Coalition — is a United States-based protest organization.

Formed in the wake of the September 11th attacks, ANSWER has since helped to organize many of the largest anti-war demonstrations in the United States, including demonstrations of hundreds of thousands against the Iraq War.[1][2] The group has also organized activities around a variety of other issues, ranging from Palestine, to immigrant rights, to Social Security, to the extradition of Luis Posada Carriles.[citation needed]

ANSWER characterizes itself as anti-imperialist, and its steering committee consists of socialists, Marxists, civil rights advocates, and left-wing or progressive organizations from the Muslim, Arab, Palestinian, Filipino, Haitian, and Latin American communities. ANSWER was formed at the initiative of Ramsey Clark and the International Action Center; many of ANSWER's leaders were members of Workers World Party at the time of ANSWER's founding, and are current members of the Party for Socialism and Liberation.[3]

ANSWER has faced criticism from other anti-war groups for its affiliations as well as its tactics at demonstrations, and criticism from various sources for its anti-Israel stance and for antisemitic sentiments expressed by some demonstrators at its protests.

Though its national headquarters are in Washington, D.C., where it organizes its national antiwar demonstrations, the coalition's influence is seen as being strongest in San Francisco, and increasingly, in Los Angeles.[citation needed]

Contents

[edit] Major protest actions

ANSWER was one of the first organizations formed to protest the policies of the Bush administration in the wake of the September 11 attacks. It was formed on an emergency basis within three days, and officially founded on September 14, 2001.[4]

[edit] 2001 - 2002

ANSWER's first major action was a September 29, 2001, "Anti-War, Anti-Racist" political rally and march in Washington, D.C., primarily in protest of the then impending U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. An estimated 8,000 people participated.

ANSWER's next major demonstration took place on April 20, 2002, which according to ANSWER's website, drew 100,000 people to Washington in the largest pro-Palestine demonstration in U.S. history. On October 26 of that year, ANSWER held a demonstration against Congress' vote to authorize the use of force against Iraq, which according to its website drew 100,000 in San Francisco and 200,000 in Washington, D.C.[4]

ANSWER banner at the head of an April 12, 2003, anti-war march in Washington D.C.
ANSWER banner at the head of an April 12, 2003, anti-war march in Washington D.C.

[edit] 2003 - 2004

ANSWER called antiwar demonstrations on January 18, 2003, in Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, which were each attended by 200,000 people, according to the group's website. ANSWER was one of several groups organizing the U.S. component of the worldwide February 15, 2003 anti-war protest, which was, across the globe, the largest anti-war rally that has ever taken place.[1] ANSWER sponsored emergency demonstrations just before the launch of the U.S. invasion of Iraq, on March 15, 2003, which according to its website drew 100,000 people each in San Francisco and Washington. With United for Peace and Justice (UFPJ), it cosponsored an anti-occupation protest in Washington on October 25 of that year which, again according to the group's website, brought out 100,000 people in Washington.[4]

ANSWER called for national anti-war, pro-Palestinian, and anti-Haitian coup demonstrations on March 20, 2004, (the first anniversary of the invasion of Iraq.) The protest in New York, cosponsored by UFPJ, was attended by 100,000 according to the ANSWER website. ANSWER participated in the March for Women's Lives on April 25, and the protests of the 2004 Republican National Convention from August 30 to September 2.[4]

[edit] 2005 - 2006

ANSWER and UFPJ jointly sponsored a rally in Washington, D.C. on September 24, 2005, whose attendance was estimated by police at 150,000 and by organizers at 300,000 people.[2]

ANSWER was involved with demonstrations on May Day, 2006, in support of rights for illegal immigrants, which brought out several million people across the U.S. These protests were organized by a number of groups unrelated to ANSWER as well.[5]

In late June 2006, ANSWER organized and participated in local rallies against the Israeli invasion of Gaza. Shortly after Israel invaded Lebanon two weeks later, ANSWER — along with the National Council of Arab Americans and the Muslim American Society — initiated a call for protests on August 12, 2006, against the "U.S.-Israeli War on the People of Lebanon and Palestine." Organizers estimated that the August 12 demonstrations drew 30,000 protesters in Washington, 10,000 in San Francisco, and 5,000 in Los Angeles.[6]

[edit] 2007 and later

Marching during the March 17, 2007 anti-war protest in Washington, DC.
Marching during the March 17, 2007 anti-war protest in Washington, DC.

ANSWER called national antiwar demonstrations in San Francisco and Washington, DC for September 15, 2007. According to the group, the attendance was 100,000.[7]

[edit] Attendance figures

ANSWER figures for the size of its protests are often higher than corresponding police or media figures. For example, in March 2007, ANSWER engaged in a public dispute with the San Francisco Chronicle about the size of a march. ANSWER Western Regional Coordinator Richard Becker wrote in an op-ed:

WHILE TENS of thousands of spirited anti-war marchers were still entering the San Francisco Civic Center on Sunday, March 18... organizers got word that a Chronicle reporter covering the event had already determined that only 3,000 people were present... Mainstream media undercounting of progressive demonstrations is nothing new, but this one had a magician's touch.

Analyzing the width and pace of the march together with the time required for the march to pass a certain point, Becker argues that the Chronicle's estimate is "impossible".[8]

Some on the left have also accused ANSWER of exaggerating protest attendance. An October 2007 Socialist Worker editorial penned by Todd Chretien and republished on CounterPunch asserted: "Ask anyone who has worked with ANSWER, and they will tell you that its organizers always double the number of people at their marches. More recently, the multiplication factor has increased." Chretien describes this as "disorienting for the movement".[9]

[edit] Member organizations

ANSWER was established at the initiative of the International Action Center (IAC), which was founded by former United States attorney general Ramsey Clark and the Workers World Party. Many of ANSWER's leaders were members of Workers World Party (WWP) at the time of ANSWER's founding, and are current members of the Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL), a Marxist-Leninist organization that was founded in 2004 by people who had left the WWP. When the WWP did function in ANSWER, the coalition was accused of being a front group for the Party, which never took an official role on its steering committee.[10]

As of December 2006, ANSWER's Steering Committee consists of:

[edit] Relationships within the anti-war movement

Few other prominent antiwar groups in the U.S. or elsewhere have formal relationships to ANSWER, although many have participated in the major ANSWER-sponsored protests.

There has been much discussion among U.S. leftist opponents of the Iraq and Afghanistan invasions of the degree to which they are or are not willing to work with ANSWER, as well as with Not In Our Name (NION) and, more recently, The World Can't Wait, which have somewhat similar histories, with the Revolutionary Communist Party (USA) having played a significant role in their foundings.[3][11]

Michael Albert and Stephen R. Shalom writing in Z argue that most people at a "...demonstration will in fact be unaware of exactly who said what and whether any particular speaker omitted this or that point. What they will experience will be a powerful antiwar protest. And most of the public will see it that way too." [3]

[edit] Break with UFPJ

Although ANSWER worked with United for Peace and Justice (UFPJ) to build the September 24, 2005, Washington, D.C. rally, a December 2005 statement by the UFPJ Steering Committee says that UFPJ "has decided not to coordinate work with ANSWER again on a national level. The document cites three reasons for the decision: "1) ANSWER did not honor the agreed-upon time limits for its sections of the pre-march Rally... 2) ANSWER delayed the start of the March... and 3) ANSWER did not turn out many volunteers." The document says that the UFPJ Steering Committee "did not have consensus" about the decision not to work with ANSWER, but had "a more than two thirds supermajority … We make no recommendations or mandates on this issue to UFPJ member groups in local or constituency-based area…" [12]

ANSWER responded by saying that "UFPJ has publicly proclaimed its intention to split the movement," and accused UFPJ of "a false and ugly attack on the ANSWER Coalition," and of doing so for "embarrassingly petty and astonishingly trivial" reasons. Besides giving their own version of the events surrounding September 24, ANSWER's statement indicates some less trivial differences between the groups: they criticize UFPJ for its willingness to support the ideas of moderate politicians, such as John Murtha, who are disaffected with the war, while ANSWER "considers it harmful to try to tailor the message of the progressive movement to please the long-awaited but fictional support from the politicians." ANSWER asks, "Why is it that UFPJ's leadership can build a gushing "united front" with imperialist politicians but not the ANSWER Coalition, which has organized hundreds of thousands of people to promote genuine peace and self-determination?"[13]

At considerable length, ANSWER argued that the current split has historical roots, dating back to "the first Iraq war of 1990–1991, [when] some of the same leadership forces now in UFPJ chose to create a second antiwar coalition and insisted on marching under the banner "Economic Sanctions Not War" while some of those who are today in the leadership of ANSWER argued that economic sanctions were war — and a weapon of mass destruction at that. We contended that economic sanctions against Iraq would result in a form of genocide against the Iraqi people and that the only correct position for the U.S. antiwar movement was to demand, 'No war against Iraq.'… The economic sanctions ultimately took the lives of more than one million Iraqis, most of them children under the age of five, according to the UN's own statistics… The question for the antiwar movement is this: are we building a movement that comprehensively challenges imperialism or are we opposed only to certain tactics employed by imperialism such as overt, unilateral military invasion?"[13]

Regarding the prospects of working again with UFPJ, ANSWER wrote, "[we regard] the united front that was formed at [our] initiative to have been remarkably successful," and later, "Different groups may have different slogans on their banners, but they should try to overcome the forces of division so as to march shoulder to shoulder against the real enemy."[13]

Although the language of the UFPJ Steering Committee statement makes the break appear definitive, they have published similar statements (rejecting future work with ANSWER) in the past, only to later agree to united demonstrations. A May 2005 decision to the same effect — announcing a September 24 demonstration separate from the one initiated by ANSWER[14] — was reversed when UFPJ agreed to a united antiwar demonstration. Previous united demonstrations between the two groups took place on October 25, 2003, and March 20, 2004.

[edit] Opposition to Zionism

The Anti-Defamation League has accused ANSWER of supporting organizations that it characterizes as terrorist organizations, such has Hezbollah and Hamas.[15] According to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency "Several anti-war protests in San Francisco organized by the ANSWER Coalition (Act Now to Stop War and End Racism) featured imagery and slogans some considered anti-Semitic, including the burning of the Israeli flag, chants of support for terrorist groups like Hezbollah and Nazi-like arm salutes."[16] Similarly, the Stephen Roth Institute has noted "Anti-Israel and antisemitic content has marked some ANSWER events."[17]

ANSWER has publicly denounced anti-Semitism. In the aforementioned press release, they wrote, "We strongly abhor all forms of racism and bigotry, including anti-Semitism. At the same time, we don't believe that criticism of Israeli government policies should be labeled as anti-Semitism any more than criticism of U.S. government policy should be labeled as anti-American." The ANSWER Coalition also posted the text of a speech of a Jewish American activist from their 2006 march against the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. The speech read, "There are those within the Jewish political establishment who charge anti-Semitism against any who dare condemn these terrible acts, or who condemn Israel fundamentally. But being opposed to Zionism is not the same as being anti-Semitic."[18]

Lerner is founder and editor of Tikkun magazine and the Tikkun Community that grew out of it. The Tikkun Community was (and as of 2008 is) a member of UFPJ. According to Tikkun, "many Jews report that they were encountering what they perceived to be anti-Semitism at anti-war demonstrations organized by International A.N.S.W.E.R." Tikkun described the perceptions of anti-Semitism as based on Israel being singled out for criticism and ANSWER's failure to "acknowledge or support the right of the Jewish people to national self-determination."[19]

The story raged around the internet for a time and received mainstream media coverage, but when Lerner later admitted he had not asked to speak at the rally, the L.A. Weekly concluded, "the Lerner brouhaha was less hot-buttoned than advertised."[20]

[edit] Immigration and May Day 2006

In addition to anti-war activism, ANSWER is involved in advocacy for rights for illegal immigrants, for whom it supports immediate and unconditional amnesty. ANSWER became involved in immigrant rights activism through protests against Save Our State, a California-based anti-illegal immigration protest group, and the Minutemen Project, a group which patrols the U.S.-Mexico border to prevent illegal border crossings, and which ANSWER views as practicing racist vigilantism. These protests began soon after the founding of the Minutemen group in April 2005. ANSWER has not usually been the primary organizer of these protests but has actively supported them. For example, ANSWER helped organize counter-protests of rallies held by right-wing groups in Alhambra, California on June 21, 2005[21]; in Sacramento, California on August 29, 2005[22]; in Los Angeles on January 7, 2006[23]; and in Burbank, California on January 21, 2006[24]

ANSWER has also been involved in the much larger demonstrations in opposition to the Sensenbrenner Bill and support of legalization for illegal immigrants that have occurred across the United States since March 2006. ANSWER was not the primary organizer of the initial large protests in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Dallas in late March and early April, but endorsed them. ANSWER was more prominent in the promotion of a May Day "Day Without An Immigrant" strike and boycott, because this call was controversial within the immigrant rights movement, contributing to a growing division between its left-wing advocates and moderates who believed a strike and boycott would be counterproductive.[25]

ANSWER's position on the left side of this issue led to criticism; Jaime Contreras, president of the National Capital Immigrant Coalition and chairman of the local Service Employees International Union in Washington, D.C., told the Washington Post regarding ANSWER that, "Groups... that have done nothing on immigration have no reason to stick their nose where it doesn't belong... They have no business saying, 'Let's do a strike' when it will create a humongous burden on immigrant groups. They need to stay in their box." Brian Becker, ANSWER's national coordinator, responded that ANSWER has in fact been involved in immigration in the long term, and that "We are just part of the coalition; we are not spearheading it at all... Whatever the immigrant rights community calls for is what we support."[26]

[edit] Conflict with DC city government over posters

In August 2007, ANSWER was fined nearly $10,000 for posters for its planned September 15, 2007 anti-war demonstration. DC Department of Public Works claimed that ANSWER broke city ordinances by putting signs on utility boxes and using an adhesive that is difficult to remove. Additionally, the National Park Service, which administers many of the parks in the District of Columbia, claim that the signs are defacement of federal property and has ordered the group to remove the signs or pay for their removal. ANSWER has refused to pay the fines or remove the signs claiming that the city's actions are "politically motivated." ANSWER has sued the city in federal court to stop the city from enforcing its laws until it creates a "constitutionally allowable and non-discriminating system" for determining the rules on sign posting. An ANSWER spokeswoman stated that they gained support from the publicity and intended to continue to post more and more posters, stickers, and banners despite the efforts of the city.[27]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Largest anti-war rally. Guinness Book of Records (2004).
  2. ^ a b Sullivan, Kathleen; Chris Heredia, Janine DeFao and Todd Wallack. "Thousands protest the Iraq war", San Francisco Chronicle, 2005-09-24. Retrieved on 2006-02-04. 
  3. ^ a b c Albert, Michael; Stephen Shalom (October 24, 2002). Ten Q&A On Antiwar Organizing. Z. Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  4. ^ a b c d Act Now to Stop War & End Racism (ANSWER): About us. A.N.S.W.E.R.. Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  5. ^ Mittelstadt, Michelle. "Is time right for boycott?", Dallas Morning News, 2006-04-29. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 
  6. ^ The country's largest protest against the U.S.-Israeli assault: 30,000 fill the streets around the White House. A.N.S.W.E.R. (2006-08-13). Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  7. ^ 100,000 March Against Iraq War in Washington: 200 Arrested in Dramatic Mass Die-In. A.N.S.W.E.R. (2007-09-16). Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  8. ^ Becker, Richard. "War protest crowd count too low", San Francisco Chronicle, 2007-03-26. 
  9. ^ Chretien, Todd. "Does the antiwar movement have a pulse? Looking reality in the face", Socialist Worker, 2007-10-24. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 
  10. ^ Hull, Dana. "As big anti-war protests loom, some political rifts surface", San Jose Mercury News, 2003-01-16. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 
  11. ^ Bérubé, Michael. "Toward an Ideal Antiwar Movement: Mature, Legitimate, and Popular", Chronicle of Higher Education, 2002-11-29. 
  12. ^ UFPJ Rejects Future Work with ANSWER. United for Peace and Justice (2005-12-12). Retrieved on 2006-01-01.
  13. ^ a b c A.N.S.W.E.R. Responds to UFPJ: Our Position on Unity in the Anti-War Movement. A.N.S.W.E.R. (2005-12-16). Retrieved on 2006-01-01.
  14. ^ UFPJ Fall Mobilization: New Dates and Location. United for Peace and Justice (2005-05-23). Retrieved on 2006-01-11.
  15. ^ ANSWER, Antiwar Rallies and Support for Terror Organizations (HTML). Anti-Defamation League (2006-08-22). Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  16. ^ Ben, Harris. "Bay Area takes on 'progressive' anti-semitism", Jewish Journal, 2007-01-26. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 
  17. ^ Annual Report: Antisemitism and Racism. Stephen Roth Institute (2002-2003). Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  18. ^ "Carl Messineo's speech from August 12" (August 13, 2006). ANSWER Coalition. 
  19. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tikkun_on_antisemitism
  20. ^ Blume, Howard. "Left takes up cause of rabbi who had criticized anti-war group", LA Weekly, 2003-02-13. Retrieved on 2006-01-19. 
  21. ^ Morris, Bob (2005-06-21). Successful protests against SOS/Minutmen continue. Politics in the Zeros. Retrieved on 2006-04-16.
  22. ^ Olson, Jenny (2005-09-04). Stand up for immigrant rights. Socialist Worker. Retrieved on 2006-04-16.
  23. ^ Radford, Lesley (2006-01-08). NO MAS! A Day of Anti-Minutemen Protest. LA Indymedia. Retrieved on 2006-04-16.
  24. ^ Next Move (2006-01-21). SOS in Burbank. LA Indymedia. Retrieved on 2006-04-16.
  25. ^ Sustar, Lee. "Organizing the new movement", Socialist Worker, 2006-04-28. Retrieved on 2006-04-30. 
  26. ^ Fears, Darryl; N.C. Aizenman. "Immigrant Groups Split on Boycott", Washington Post, 2006-04-14, p. A03. Retrieved on 2006-04-16. 
  27. ^ Johnson, Jenna. "Antiwar Group Refuses To Back Down on Signs", The Washington Post, [[{August 16]], 2007, p. B01. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. (English) 

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