Aéroplanes Voisin
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Aéroplanes Voisin (also known as Brothers Voisin, French: Les Frères Voisin) was a French aircraft company, one of the first in the world. The company was formed in 1906 by the brothers Charles and Gabriel Voisin. Gabriel had previously collaborated with fellow pioneer Louis Blériot at the Blériot-Voisin company.
Gabrial Voisin bought out Louis Blériot and established what was then the Appareils d'Aviation Les Frères Voisin (Voisin Brothers' Flying Machines) with Charles. The company was based at Billancourt, near Paris; "this was the first commercial aircraft factory in Europe" (Davilla & Soltan, p. 541). Early Voisin products, Blériot tractor-engined monoplane designs, were unsuccessful. In 1907 the "Delagrange No. 1", the first Voisin to adopt the pusher-engined biplane design which would be the company's trademark, was flown. It was followed by the "Delagrange No. 2", the first European aircraft to complete a one-kilometer flight. Both machines were built for Leon Delagrange. Henri Farman also flew a Voisin in his early record-braking flights. In 1910 the Canard Voisin, a seaplane, became one of the most successful designs of the company. Some eighty aircraft had been built by 1912, when Charles was killed in a motor accident.
The "Type L", or "Voisin 1", was developed for the French Army's 1912 trials. It performed successfully, and some seventy were built in France, and a small number in Russia, before it was replaced by the "Type LA" or "Voisin 3" design. A large number of Voisin 3s followed, production increasing with the outbreak of the First World War. The Voisin 3 was followed by improved "Type LB" and Type "LBS", or "Voisin 4" and "Voisin 5" aircraft. The larger "Type LC", "Voisin 7", followed in 1916, but was not a success and only a hundred were built.
Soon after the outbreak of the First World War, it became apparent that the French aviation industry could not produce aircraft in sufficient numbers to meet military requirements. Manufacturers from other fields became subcontractors, and later license-builders, of the aviation industry's designs. The earliest such partnership was between Louis Breguet and Michelin. Gabriel Voisin was late to this field, although his designs were produced in quantity by Russian licensees. By 1918, Voisin was involved with the Voisin-Lafresnaye company, a major constructor of airframes, and the Voisin-Lefebvre company, a major builder of aircraft engines.
Following the "Voisin 7" came the more powerful, and more successful, "Type LAP" and "Type "LBP", known as the "Voisin 8". This was the French army's main night bomber in 1916–1917, with over one thousand built. The "Voisin 9", or "Type LC", was an unsuccessful design for a reconnaissance aeroplane, which lost out to the superior Salmson 2 and Breguet 14. The "Voisin 10", "Type LAR" and "Type LBR", was the "Voisin 8" with a more reliable Renault engine in place of the previous Peugeot design. Deliveries were much delayed, but some nine hundred were built by the end of the war.
The last significant Voisin design, the "Voisin 12", was successful in trials in 1918, but with the end of the war, no production was ordered. Unlike previous Voisins, the "Voisin 12" was a large, twin-tractor-engined biplane night bomber, rather more elegant than previous, boxy Voisins.
After 1918, Gabriel Voisin abandoned the aviation industry in favour of automobile construction.
[edit] References
- (French) Carlier, Claude, "Sera Maître du Monde, qui sera Maître de l'Air": La Création de l'Aviation militaire française. Paris: Economica/ISC, 2004. ISBN 2-7178-4918-1
- Davilla, James J., & Soltan, Arthur M., French Aircraft of the First World War. Stratford, Connecticut: Flying Machines Press, 1997. ISBN 0-9637110-4-0
