9M311 Tunguska

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An illustration of a 9M311 aka SA-19. The booster section is the dark lower half.
An illustration of a 9M311 aka SA-19. The booster section is the dark lower half.

The 9M311 Tunguska (Russian: Тунгуска; NATO reporting names SA-19 "Grison" for the land-based version and its naval variant the SA-N-11) is a two-stage, tube-launched, SACLOS guided surface-to-air missile used in the 2K22M Tunguska-M1 and Kashtan air defense systems, respectively.

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[edit] Description

The missile has two stages, a large booster stage with four folding fins, which boosts the missile to a velocity of 900 m/s, before falling away. The second stage has four fixed fins, and four steerable control surfaces. The complete missile is around 2.56 meters long.

The missile is SACLOS-guided by the launch platform. It is steered by commands transmitted by the tracking radar of the launch system.

Once the missile is steered to within 5 m of the target an active laser fuse is triggered. The warhead weighs about 9 kg, and is a continuous-rod system, consisting of 600 mm long 6 to 9 mm diameter rods with a flower-like cross section. The cross section ensures the rods break into fragments weighing 2-3 grams. The rods form a complete ring about 5 m from the missile. Outside the rods is a layer of steel cubes weighing 2-3 grams.

Used with the Tunguska system, the missiles have a kill probability of 0.65.[citation needed]

[edit] Missile variants

  • 9M311 Original missile, laser proximity fuze.
    • 9M311K (3M87) naval version of the 9M311 used by the Kashtan system.
  • 9M311-1 export version of the missile.
  • 9M311M (3M88) Improved version of the missile
  • 9M311-1M Used with the Tunguska-M1 radar proximity fuze for improved capability against cruise missiles. Pulsed tracking light instead of constant flare for better ECCM. Range improved to 10 km.

[edit] Specifications

  • Weight of missile: 57 kg
  • Warhead: 9 kg
  • Maximum speed: 900 m/s
  • Average speed: 600 m/s
  • Altitude: 15 to 3,500 m
  • Slant range: 2,400 m to 8,000 m

[edit] Operators

[edit] See also

[edit] References

Russian and former Soviet surface-to-air missiles
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The SA designation sequence:

SA-1 Guild | SA-2 Guideline | SA-3 Goa | SA-N-3 Goblet | SA-4 Ganef | SA-5 Gammon | SA-6 Gainful | SA-7 Grail
SA-8 Gecko | SA-9 Gaskin | SA-10 Grumble | SA-11 Gadfly | SA-12 Gladiator/Giant | SA-13 Gopher | SA-14 Gremlin
SA-15 Gauntlet | SA-16 Gimlet | SA-17 Grizzly | SA-18 Grouse | SA-19 Grison | SA-20 Gargoyle | SA-21 Growler
SA-22 Greyhound | SA-23 | SA-24 Grinch |
List of Russian and former Soviet missiles
Missiles