73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann
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| Discovery | |
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| Discovered by: | Arnold Schwassmann Arno Arthur Wachmann |
| Discovery date: | May 2, 1930 |
| Alternate designations: | 1930 VI; 1979 VIII; 1990 VIII; 1994w |
| Orbital characteristics A | |
| Epoch: | March 6, 2006 |
| Aphelion distance: | 5.187 AU |
| Perihelion distance: | 0.9391 AU |
| Semi-major axis: | 3.063 AU |
| Eccentricity: | 0.6934 |
| Orbital period: | 5.36 a |
| Inclination: | 11.3907° |
| Last perihelion: | June 6, 2006 |
73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann, also known as Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, is a periodic comet in our solar system which is in the process of disintegrating.
Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, one of the comets discovered by astronomers by Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Arthur Wachmann, working at the Hamburg Observatory in Bergedorf, Germany [1], broke into fragments on its re-entry to the inner solar system, May 1, 2006, in a reaction triggered by the sun's heating the comet as it emerged from the frozen space of the outer solar system.
The comet's initial discovery was serendipity: the astronomers were exposing photographic plates in search of a minor planet, on photographs exposed for a minor planet survey, on May 2, 1930. The comet was lost after its 1930 apparition, but was observed several more times.
73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann has an orbital period of slightly less than 5 1/3 years so that it comes nearest to the Earth every 16 years. 73P was originally estimated to have a core diameter of 1100 meters.
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[edit] Breakup
In 1995, 73P began to disintegrate. It was seen to break into five large pieces labelled 73P-A, B, C, D & E. As of March 2006, at least eight fragments were known: B, C, G, H, J, L, M & N. On April 18, 2006, the Hubble Space Telescope recorded dozens of pieces of fragments B and G. It appears that the comet may eventually disintegrate completely and cease to be observable (as did 3D/Biela in the 19th century), in which case its designation would change from 73P to 73D.
The fragments were passing the Earth in late April and early May of 2006, coming nearest to the Earth around May 12 at a distance of about 11.9 million km (7.4 million miles). That is a close pass in astronomical terms (0.08 AU) though nothing to be concerned about. In 1930 when it passed the Earth this close, there were meteor showers with as many as 100 meteors per minute. However, recent analysis by P. A. Wiegert et al.[1] suggests that a recurrence of this spectacle is unlikely.
In 2022, the comet fragments are expected to pass nearer to the Earth than in 2006. It is currently unknown what their exact trajectory is. Many astronomers will be watching as the fragments pass in 2006 to calculate their various trajectories for future years. If the fragments continue to break up, it may become impossible to track the many fragments since each time a fragment splits, the resulting fragments acquire progressively divergent trajectories.
The comet was to be visited by the CONTOUR comet nucleus probe on June 18, 2006. Unfortunately, the probe broke up after the launch making the flyby impossible.
[edit] Image gallery
 The B, G and R components of 73P, and Tau Coronae Borealis, May 1, 2006. |
 The C component of 73P, and the Ring Nebula, May 8, 2006. |
 This image taken by Andrew Catsaitis of components B and C of Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 as seen together on 31st May 2006. |
 This image of fragment C passing the ring nebula was taken on 2006.05.07 at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. |
 Component B as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. Also available as Video clip |
 Image by the Spitzer Space Telescope |
 Comet Schwassmann- Wachmann passes in the field of view of the Ring Nebula on May 7, 2006. Photo by Maynard Pittendreigh. |
 Image of fragment B taken on by the Superconducting camera (SCAM). The spatial resolution of the images is about 70 km. Credit: ESA, May 7, 2006 |
[edit] External links
- Hubble provides spectacular detail of a comet's breakup
- 73P at Kronk's Cometography
- Mini-comets approaching Earth (NASA)
- Orbit diagram animated of the comet passing through our inner solar system
- Sky and Telescope article
- 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann at ESA/Hubble
[edit] Notes
- ^ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 361, p. 638 The τ Herculid meteor shower and Comet 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 P. A. Wiegert, P. G. Brown, J. Vaubaillon and H. Schijns
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