4 Alpine Division Cuneense

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4a Divisione Alpina Cuneense
Coat of Arms of the 4th Alpine Division Cuneense
Active	31 October 1935 - 28 January 1943
Country	Italy
Branch	Regio Esercito
Type	Alpini
Role	Mountain Infantry
Size	17,460 men
Part of	Italian Alpine Corps 1942 - 1943
Garrison/HQ	Cuneo
Engagements	World War II Greco-Italian War Italian War in Soviet Union
Commanders
Notable commanders	General Emilio Battisti

Subordinate Units
Components	1° Reggimento Alpini 2° Reggimento Alpini 4° Reggimento Artiglieria Alpina 4° Mixed Engineer Battalion

The 4th Alpine Division Cuneense was an Italian division composed of Alpini - light Mountain Infantry - and Mountain Artillery units. The division participated in all Italian campaigns of World War II with the exception of the North African Campaign. The division was completely destroyed by Soviet Forces during Operation Little Saturn

1 Formation
2 Order of Battle
3 Battle of France
4 Greco-Italian War
5 Italian War in Soviet Union
6 Sources

[edit] Formation

The Cuneense division was constituted on October 31st, 1935 through the reorganization of the existing 5th Superior Alpini Command. The headquarter of the division was in the city of Cuneo and the majority of its soldiers were drafted from the surrounding valleys - hence the name "Cuneense".

[edit] Order of Battle

1st Alpini Regiment based in Mondovì
- with the battalions Ceva, Pieve di Teco, Mondovì,
2nd Alpini Regiment based in Cuneo
- with the battalions Borgo San Dalmazzo, Dronero, Saluzzo,
4th Alpine Artillery Regiment based in Cuneo
- with the artillery groups Pinerolo, Mondovì, Val Po',
4th Mixed Engineer Battalion based in Peveragno
2nd Logistic Battalion based in Busca
201st Auto-Transport Battalion based in Cuneo
413th, 414th Carabinieri Companies based in Cuneo
701st Heavy Armament Company based in Borgo San Dalmazzo
613th, 614th, 616th, 617th Field Hospitals based in Spinetta

The division strength was 573 officers and 16,887 NCOs and soldiers for a total strength of 17,460 men. The division also had 176 horses, 4,698 mules and 584 transport vehicles at its disposal.

[edit] Battle of France

On June 21st, 1940 (one day before the French surrender) the “Cuneense” division began to advance with other Italian units into Southern France.

[edit] Greco-Italian War

The division was then sent to Albania, where it participated in the Greco-Italian War. As the German Wehrmacht came to the aid of the beaten Italian armies in Albania in April 1941 through a invasion of Yugoslavia the “Cuneense” was sent north to aid the rapidly advancing German divisions. The Cuneense advanced through Montenegro and reached Dubrovnik at the end of the campaign.

[edit] Italian War in Soviet Union

In September 1942 the “Cuneense” was sent with the Alpini divisions Julia and Tridentina and other Italian units to the Soviet Union to form the Mountain Corps of the Italian Army in Russia (Armata Italiana in Russia, or ARMIR) and fight alongside the Germans against the Red Army. Taking up positions along the Don river the Italian units covered part of the left flank of the German Sixth Army, which spearheaded the German summer offensive of 1942 into the city of Stalingrad.

After the Red Army's successfully encirclement the German Sixth Army in Stalingrad during Operation Uranus, the Red Army’s attention turned to the Italian and Hungarian units along the Don. On January 13th, 1943 the Soviet offensive Operation Little Saturn began and the three Alpini divisions found themselves quickly encircled by the rapidly advancing armoured forces of Soviet General Filipp Golikov's Voronezh Front. The Alpinis held the front on the river Don, but within three days the Soviets advanced 200km to the left and right of the Alpini. On the evening of January 17th the commanding officer of the corps General Gabriele Nasci finally ordered a full retreat. At this point the Julia and Cuneense divisions were already heavily decimated and only the Tridentina division was still capable of conducting combat operations.

The 40.000 men strong mass of stragglers - Alpinis and Italians from other commands, plus various Germans and Hungarians - formed two columns, that followed the Tridentina division, which supported by a handful of German armoured vehicles, led the way westwards to the new Axis front. On January 24th the Cuneense formed its own column and marched south of the Tridentina division. As the Soviets had already occupied every village bitter battles had to be fought to clear the way. On the morning of January 28th the division had walked 200km, fought 20 battles, lost 80% of its men and spent 11 nights camped out in the middle of the Russian Steppe. Temperatures during the nights were between -30°C and -40°C. During the 28th the last remnants of the division were annihilated by Cossack forces. The last survivors of the 1st Alpini regiment burnt the regiments flag to prevent it from falling in enemy hands. Than the Cuneense ceased to exist

On February 11th 1943 the count of the survivors gave the following result:

1st Alpini Regiment out of 5,206 men: 722 survivors; none of the soldiers of the battalions Ceva, Pieve di Teco and Mondovì survived.
2nd Alpini Regiment out of 5,206 men: 208 survivors; none of the soldiers of the battalions Borgo San Dalmazzo and Saluzzo survived.
4th Alpine Artillery Regiment out of 3,897 men: 379 survivors; none of the soldiers of the Artillery Group Mondovì survived.
4th Mixed Engineer Battalion out of 1240 men: 139 survivors
Support units out of 1313 men: 159 survivors