3AK

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3AK is a former Melbourne talk-back radio and music station, which, in 2003, leased its licence to sports network SEN 1116. A number of unusual events and precedents throughout the station's history make its story of unusual interest.

[edit] History

[edit] Early Years

3AK commenced broadcasting¹ on 29 November 1931, the fourth commercial radio station in Melbourne after 3UZ, 3DB and 3KZ.

A restored pneumatic player piano of the type that could well have been used in 3AK's first studio.

The station's call-sign came from the name of its operating company, the Akron Broadcasting Co. Pty Ltd (a subsidiary of the Akron Tyre Co²).

At the time of its formation there were three types of broadcasters in Australia, A Class stations (most of which later evolved into the Australian Broadcasting Corporation); B Class stations, which are now known as commercial stations; amateurs. There were also government plans for a set of C class stations which were intended to be used by businesses to exclusively advertise their products (however it was decided not to proceed with this type of license before 3AK was actually granted its licence). Many radio historians believe that Akron and the Postmaster General's Department had originally discussed the issuance of such a license, and that the B Class license issued to Akron, with a number of restrictions, was issued in its place.

From the outset, 3AK was only permitted to broadcast for limited hours when other Melbourne stations were off the air. 3AK originally broadcast from 11.30 pm to 2.00 am daily; 5.00 to 7.00 am Monday-Saturday; 1.00 to 2.00 pm Saturday; 12.30 to 2.30 pm Sunday⁴. The three hours of weekend afternoon broadcasting were shared with amateurs on the MW band. 3AK also had limited power, which although frequently altered was usually about 20% of that given to other B Class stations in Melbourne. 3AK's wavelength of 1500 KC could also be seen as a third limiting factor - it was at very end of most contemporary radio dials; there were still some radio sets that were unable to receive it.

Most of 3AK's early broadcasts consisted of live concerts from its studio in Bourke Street. These were provided free of charge by a number of progressive Melbourne music teachers who believed that radio would help promote both them and their students. These concerts were occasionally interspersed with broadcasts of recordings (both 78 rpm/80 rpm discs and piano rolls).

[edit] Melbourne Broadcasters Pty. Ltd.

On 2 May 1934, the station was purchased by George F. Palmer⁵ who changed the name of the company to Melbourne Broadcasters Pty. Ltd.⁶, a name that persisted throughout many major changes of management and was still being used as late as the 1980s. Palmer changed the style of the station by introducing a format that mainly consisted of dance music⁷, then very popular.

In 1937 3AK was allowed to extend its hours of broadcast to 11.30 pm-7.00 am, however the station still closed at 3.00 am on Sundays⁸. It still broadcast for three hours on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, even though amateurs were no longer permitted to do so after 1939. 3AK's hours of broadcast remained unaltered until 1954.

1937 also saw the commencement of 2BS Bathurst on the 1 January⁹. Because of 3AK's low power, 2BS was given the same wavelength (1500 kHz) and, within a few years, both stations suffered from interference during the few hours when they were simultaneously on the air.

One of 3AK's major personalities in the late 1930s/early 1940s was Alfred (Alf) Andrew. Andrew had been a pioneer broadcaster at 3LO in the 1920s before going to 3UZ and then 2UW¹⁰.

During the 1930s, '40s, and '50s, the station's slogan was 3AK - The Voice of the Night.

In the 1930s, the Postmaster General gave one station in the Canberra, Sydney, Brisbane and Adelaide markets a licence to broadcast 24 hours a day¹¹. Because 3AK broadcast at night, Melbourne did not get any such 24 hour licences until as late as 1st February 1954 when 3UZ, 3DB and 3XY all began continuous broadcasting¹². This was concurrent with 3AK changing its hours of broadcast ¹³ (see below). Within six months 3XY had become Melbourne's only 24 hour station.

In the 1930s, '40s, and '50s 3AK provided an alternative to country radio for those wishing to begin a career in radio, many going on to become well-known, such as Stan Rofe, Mike Williamson, Hal Todd, John Worthy and John Hart.

At the time very few stations had newsrooms and most relied on newspapers for their news. 3AK had a novel system of getting its news - the station had a rope dangling from their studio into the adjoining lane-way and the first newspaper firm to tie their morning edition onto the rope had it read on air.¹⁴

By the late 1940s, 3AK had been purchased by Mack's Furnishing Company. At this stage, both the Directors and the station's manager, Ray Benn¹⁵, held conservative Christian beliefs that were reflected in 3AK's program schedule.

[edit] 1950s

For many years, 3AK management had been lobbying the Postmaster General's Department and, then, the Australian Broadcasting Control Board for an increase to its permitted broadcasting hours. Eventually, 3AK was allowed to broadcast during those daylight hours when it was thought that it would not interfere with transmissions from 2BS. From 1st February 1954, 3AK was permitted to broadcast from 6.00 am-7.00 pm daily¹⁶. However, 2BS still experienced difficulties during the Summer and, so, for 4-5 months per year, 3AK was forced not to open until 7.00 am and to close as early as 5.00 pm. Until the introduction of television into Australia in 1956, the peak hours for any radio station were 7.00 pm-10.00 pm - 3AK was never able to take advantage of this peak listening period.

When 3AK became a 'daylight' station, its very first breakfast team was Lennie Holmes and Shin Berinson. Holmes went on to become a well-known radio and television comedian. (His daughter, Jane Holmes, later became a prominent radio personality.) After changing his first name to Jim, Berinson became one of the most sought-after and well-paid voice-over men. Another important announcer during this era was Graham Madison.

[edit] 1960s

Graham Kennedy (left) and Bert Newton (right) in their Melbourne-based evening television show, In Melbourne Tonight; concurrently they were both presenting a 3AK morning program from 10.00 to noon, which was broadcast from Kennedy's home.

Eric Pearce in the 1930s, when he was an announcer with the BBC. As from 1961 he presented A Call From Eric on 3AK

In the early 1960s Australian Consolidated Press, owned by the Packer family, took over both television station GTV-9 and 3AK. 3AK moved from small studios above a bank in Grey Street, St. Kilda, into GTV-9's premises at Bendigo Street, Richmond, broadcasting a revised format as from Easter Monday, 3 April 1961. GTV's major television personalities were forced to broadcast from 3AK. Therefore, overnight, 3AK changed from a station with a young and virtually unknown announcing staff, to one featuring some of Australia's best-known television personalities, including Philip Brady, Geoff Corke, Tommy Hanlon Jr., Geoff Hiscock, Graham Kennedy, Jack Little, Bert Newton, Eric Pearce, Brian Taylor, Hal Todd, Eric Welch, Arthur Young, and Frank Zepter¹⁷.

Former 3AK manager, Bill Bowie, resigned and formed his own radio/television school. Former 3AK announcers (Ron Alderton, Terry Calder, Peter Cavanagh, John Print) were redeployed with the GTV organisation; only former Chief Announcer, Ron Alderton, retaining any on-air work at 3AK, albeit only at weekends.

During the mid-1960s, 3AK's program format shifted to Top 40 music with the slogan "the Good Guys".

In the late 1960s, Gary Mac moved to Melbourne and was employed by 3AK for 6 years. For most of 1971 he was the highest rated Announcer in Australia. (It is believed that his ratings figures have not been surpassed by anyone else).

ACP was always keen to solve the problem of transmission hours caused by 2BS and 3AK sharing the same wavelength. Technology in the form of a directional antenna (at 2BS) seemed to be the answer, but this small country station was deaf to ACP's continuous requests, leading to ACP's purchase of 2BS, allowing them to install such an antenna. By October 1968 permission which enabled 3AK to commence 24 hour transmission had been granted.

[edit] 1970s-1980s

In the early 1970s "The Good Guys" slogan was replaced by "Where No Wrinklys Fly". During this period, there was a head-on battle for the lucrative Top 40 market between 3XY (managed by Rod Muir) and Rhett Walker's 3AK¹⁸. The fact that 3XY won the battle is reflected in 3AK's rapid change from Top 40 to Beautiful music, a predecessor to today's Easy listening music format. The last announcer to work under the "Wrinkly" format was Mike Nicholls. The last song played was Aussie Rock Band Spectrum's "I'll Be Gone"

The new format paid dividends for 3AK as it took them to the top of the ratings where they remained for over a decade.

An interesting feature of the early days of 3AK's Beautiful Music format was that it stopped advertising the names of its on-air personalities, claiming that the format was important but not the announcers. (Sister Beautiful Music station 2CH [Sydney] had a similar policy).¹⁹

In 1985, 3AK abruptly abandoned Beautiful Music in favour of the Adult contemporary format; ratings plummeted as rival station 3MP took the opportunity to relaunch itself as Easy Listening and the listeners simply switched from 3AK to 3MP.

Six months later, 3AK and Sydney radio station 2UE embarked on a networked talk-back format called CBC where talk programs were broadcast across both stations. The experiment was short lived and a ratings disaster. The John Blackman breakfast program came from the 3AK studios but everything else was transmitted from Sydney.

1988 - 1990 saw 3AK again become a purely talk format station, with such high profile names as Darren James (with Bruce Mansfield as Uncle Roy), Margaret Peacock, Don Chipp (a former Federal Liberal Party Minsiter and later the founder of and Senator for the Australian Democrats), Peter O'Callaghan (an ex 3XY and EON FM DJ), Keith McGowan and Bill Howie ( a former 3AK Programme Director).

This period also saw the introduction of regular Saturday broadcasts of VFL (now AFL) with a football team headed by Graham (Smokey) Dawson.

[edit] 1990s

In 1990 the station was sold to businessman Peter Corso who sacked most of its workforce in preparation to relaunch 3AK as Australia's first commercial Italian-language radio station. There was a brief transition period in which the Beautiful music format returned.The music was interspersed with recorded announcements about the starting dates for the Italian broadcasts. Nevertheless, the station was not able to get out of its obligations to broadcast the football and, so, at 12 noon on Saturdays football was still broadcast.

Only two other former 3AK employees, Technician Ralph Knight and Producer Warren Koglins were to be re-hired by the new owner. Interestingly, 3AK continued to broadcast from within the GTV9 complex for about 12 months, before moving to new studios at Craigieburn. There was talk of potential advertisers being warned off from 3AK.²⁰

At one stage, Corso contemplated moving away from the unsuccessful Italian format and was in talks with Bert Newton and his partner to sub-lease the station and provide an old-fashioned personality format. The Australian Broadcasting Tribunal knocked back the application, firstly on the grounds that it could not allow the leasing of stations, and secondly because of questions raised as to the suitability of Newton's partner ²¹. This policy is interesting in the light of 3AK/SEN's present situation.

The Italian format continued until 1994 when Corso sold the station to Southern Cross Broadcasting who took the station back to easy-listening music.

Corso was keen to sell 3AK because he had just obtained one of the first of the new narrowcast licences then being offered by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal. Therefore, 3AK's Italian programming was transferred to the new narrow-cast station, 3BM, which transmitted from 1116 KC (ironically a wavelength that was later to be used by 3AK itself).

By 1996, Southern Cross had found itself owning 4 radio stations in Melbourne; 3AW, 3AK, 3EE, 3MP; whereas the legal limit is two stations in a single market. They sold 3AK to a Christian organisation, Fusion Media, who switched the format to a mixture of talk-back and magazine programs and easy listening music. The station was moved to studios in St. Kilda Road that had originally been built for 3EE (later Magic 693); later moving again to Swan Street Richmond.

[edit] Final years

After more years of low ratings and financial troubles, 3AK was sold again, to a small media and data company Data and Commerce Limited (DCL). In 2001, DCL transferred 3AK from 1503 kHz to 1116 kHz and relaunched 3AK once again as a talk back station in direct competition to top rating stations 3AW and 774 ABC Melbourne.

Controversial radio broadcaster Derryn Hinch took over 3AK's morning time-slot after twelve months as evening presenter at 3AW. The former Premier of Victoria Jeff Kennett was also a presenter.

[edit] Demise

Some careless programming decisions and lack of promotion led to 3AK failing to lift from the bottom of the ratings ladder. In late 2003, DCL announced it had leased the running of radio 3AK to a new organisation Sports Entertainment Network (SEN) who were to convert 3AK to a 24-hour sport radio station. In January 2004, 3AK became known on-air as SEN 1116. As of the April 2004 ratings, the new format had already managed to lift 3AK's profile as well as the number of listeners.

[edit] SEN

Main article: SEN 1116.

While initially, ratings were steadily rising, the station's financial position took a turn for the worst in early 2005, with several employees, including Dermott Brereton, Mark Doran, and Robert Shaw not being paid. This eventually led to Brereton walking out on the station. This dour financial situation could not have come at a worse time, since SEN had recently begun broadcasting into Adelaide. Unfortunately, Adelaide broadcasts were short-lived because of the poor financial situation, and the station's heavy Melbourne focus.

In 2006 it was announced that SEN had acquired rights to broadcast five Australian Football League matches per weekend. [1]

[edit] See also

• SEN 1116
• List of Australian radio stations

[edit] External links

• 3AK Hall of Fame
• 3AK - 2003 story in the Age

[edit] References

1. The Magic Spark. 50 Years of Radio in Australia. Walker, R.R. Hawthorn Press, Melbourne, 1973.
2. ibid
3. ibid
4. The Broadcast Year Book and Radio Listeners' Annual of Australia. 1934. Edit: Faulkner, C.C. "The Harbour" Newspaper and Publishing Co. Ltd, Sydney, 1934.
5. ibid
6. The Magic Spark. 50 Years of Radio in Australia.
7. various contemporary copies of Listener In, Radioprogram, Radio Times, Wireless Weekly and A.B.C. Weekly in the collection of Albert Isaacs (Melbourne).
8. The Broadcast Year Book and Radio Listeners' Annual of Australia. 1939 Edition. Edit: Faulkner, C.C. New Century Press Pty. Ltd, Sydney, 1938.
9. The Magic Spark. 50 Years of Radio in Australia.
10. The Broadcast Year Book and Radio Listeners' Annual of Australia. 1934. & The Broadcast Year Book and Radio Listeners' Annual of Australia. 1939 Edition.
11. Australian Broadcasting Control Board. Various Annual Reports. Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra. (In the collection of Albert Isaacs [Melbourne]).
12. Australian Broadcasting Control Board. Annual Report. Year Ending 30th June 1954. Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra, 1954.
13. ibid.
14. Something in the Air. Jones, Colin. Kangaroo Press Ltd., Sydney, 1995. Based on an interview with Hal Todd.
15. 3AW is Melbourne. 75 Years of Radio Campion, Margaret, Melbourne, 2007. Published interview with John Worthy.
16. Australian Broadcasting Control Board. Annual Report. Year Ending 30th June 1954.
17. The Age Radio & Television Supplement, 30th March 1961. The Age & Leader, Melbourne.
18. Something in the Air.
19. ibid
20. ibid
21. Something in the Air. Participation in the Benefits of a Licence, Radio 3AK (report - Australian Broadcasting Tribunal), April 1991.