38th (Welsh) Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
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| 38th (Welsh) Division | |
|---|---|
| Active | December 1914 - June 1919; 1939-44 |
| Branch | New Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Engagements | Battle of the Somme (1916) Third Battle of Ypres Battle of Epehy |
The 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division existed in both the First World War and the Second World War, but had no peacetime existence and there is no direct link between the two formations. The division's insignia was The Red Dragon of Wales.
During World War II the insignia was changed to the cross of Saint David (yellow, on a black background).
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] World War I
The 38th (Welsh) Division (originally numbered 43rd), was a New Army division formed in December 1914 comprising battalions from Wales raised by public subscription and private patronage. It was intended to be half of a Welsh Army Corps. Authorisation to create these new divisions, part of Kitchener's Army, was given on 10 October 1914. In the event, only the 38th Division was created, and the Welsh Army Corps, which had the support of David Lloyd George, never formed.
The division began moving to France November 1915 and was in action by December 1915. It spent the duration of the First World War in action on the Western Front until the Armistice of 1918. The division's single action of 1916 was the capture of Mametz Wood during the Battle of the Somme — it was so badly mauled that it did not return to action for over a year. There is now a memorial at Mametz Wood in honour of the division (see second link below). It was later involved in the Third Battle of Ypres and the Battle of Epehy.
The division was, for a fifth line Kitchener formation, relatively successful and well regarded. It's most noteworthy commander was Sir Ivor Maxse. The division was disbanded between 1918 and 1920.
[edit] World War II
In 1939, the British government ordered the expansion of the Territorial Army, including the creation of a 2nd line of infantry divisions. The 53rd (Welsh) Division provided officers and men, but little equipment, for the new 38th (Welsh) Division. The 2nd Line Welsh territorial division had not seen service overseas during the First World War, so that the 38th Division had a much more prestigious record. The division again included the 113th, 114th and 115th Infantry Brigades , although the battalions which they commanded had no relation to those of the First World War division.
The division remained in the United Kingdom throughout the war. From 1943 the division was placed on the lower establishment, meaning that it had less men, and less equipment, than first line formations. In January 1944 it became a reserve training division and its brigades were detached. While reformed on paper in September 1944, this was simply a deception exercise and the original 38th division was disbanded. Its number was assumed by the 80th Division, a training formation which provided men for the British forces in North-West Europe. This new 38th division was again disbanded at the end of the war.
[edit] World War I Structure
- 113th Brigade
- 13th (Service) Battalion (1st North Wales), Royal Welch Fusiliers
- 14th (Service) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers
- 15th (Service) Battalion (1st London Welsh), Royal Welch Fusiliers (disbanded February 1918)
- 16th (Service) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers
- 17th (Service) Battalion (2nd North Wales), Royal Welch Fusiliers (from February 1915 to 115 Bde July 1915)
- 114th Brigade
- 10th (Service) Battalion (1st Rhondda), The Welch Regiment (disbanded February 1918)
- 13th (Service) Battalion (2nd Rhondda), The Welch Regiment
- 14th (Service) Battalion (Swansea), The Welch Regiment
- 15th (Service) Battalion (Carmarthenshire County Committee), The Welch Regiment
- 115th Brigade
- 17th (Service) Battalion (2nd North Wales), Royal Welch Fusiliers (from 113 Bde July 1915)
- 10th (Service) Battalion (1st Gwent), South Wales Borderers
- 11th (Service) Battalion (2nd Gwent), South Wales Borderers (disbanded February 1918)
- 16th (Service) Battalion (Cardiff City), The Welch Regiment (disbanded February 1918)
- 2nd Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers (from 19 Bde 33rd Division February 1918)
- Pioneers
- 19th (Service) Battalion (Glamorgan Pioneers), The Welsh Regiment
[edit] See also
[edit] External Links, Sources, and Further Reading
- A History of the 38th (Welsh) Division (1920), edited by Lieutenant-Colonel J. E. Munby (GSO1 of the Division)
- Swansea Pals - a History of the 14th (Service Battalion), the Welsh Regiment in the Great War by Bernard Lewis
- Guido Rosignoli, Army Badges and Insignia of World War 2, Blandford Press, London, 1972 (for WW 2 insignia)
- The British Army in the Great War: The 38th (Welsh) Division
- 38th (Welsh) Division Memorial, Mametz Wood
