.30-30 Winchester
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| .30-30 Winchester | ||
|---|---|---|
 .30-30 cartridge between .223 Remington (left) and .308 Winchester (right) |
||
| Type | Rifle | |
| Place of origin | USA | |
| Production history | ||
| Designer | Winchester | |
| Designed | 1895 | |
| Manufacturer | Winchester | |
| Produced | 1895-Present | |
| Variants | .30-30 Ackley Improved | |
| Specifications | ||
| Case type | Rimmed, bottlenecked | |
| Bullet diameter | .309 in (7.8 mm) | |
| Neck diameter | .330 in (8.4 mm) | |
| Shoulder diameter | .401 in (10.2 mm) | |
| Base diameter | .422 in (10.7 mm) | |
| Rim diameter | .506 in (12.9 mm) | |
| Rim thickness | .063 in (1.6 mm) | |
| Case length | 2.039 in (51.8 mm) | |
| Primer type | large rifle | |
| Ballistic performance | ||
| Bullet weight/type | Velocity | Energy |
| 110 gr (7.1 g) FP | 2,684 ft/s (818 m/s) | 1,760 ft·lbf (2,390 J) |
| 130 gr (8.4 g) FP | 2,496 ft/s (761 m/s) | 1,799 ft·lbf (2,439 J) |
| 150 gr (9.7 g) FN | 2,390 ft/s (730 m/s) | 1,903 ft·lbf (2,580 J) |
| 160 gr (10 g) cast LFN | 1,616 ft/s (493 m/s) | 928 ft·lbf (1,258 J) |
| 170 gr (11 g) FP | 2,227 ft/s (679 m/s) | 1,873 ft·lbf (2,539 J) |
| Source: Hodgdon [1] | ||
The .30-30 Winchester/.30 Winchester Center Fire/7.62x51Rmm cartridge was first marketed in early 1895 for the Winchester Model 1894 lever-action rifle.[2] The .30-30, as it is most commonly known, was America's first small-bore, sporting rifle cartridge designed for smokeless powder. The .30-30 is one of the most common deer cartridges in North America.
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[edit] Naming
Although the original name is .30 WCF, the -30 in the designation was added to the name by Marlin, who did not want to put the name of rival Winchester on their rifles when they were chambered for the cartridge soon after its introduction[3]. The -30 stands for the standard load of 30 grains (1.9 g) of early smokeless powder, which was on par with IMR/DuPont's 4064. Over time Marlin's variation on the name stuck, though ".30 WCF" is also used.
[edit] Characteristics and use
The .30-30 is considered by many to be the "entry-class" for modern deer cartridges. While it will take deer- and black bear-sized game, it is limited in effective range to approximately 200 yards (183 m) for that purpose. It is common to define the characteristics of similar cartridges as being in ".30-30 class" when describing their effectiveness. The .30-30 is typically loaded with bullets weighing between 150 and 170 grains (9.7–11.0 g), but lighter loads are possible. Bullets of up to 180 grains (11.7 g) can be used but the overall length restrictions of the lever action rifles used for this round limit their usefulness.
One of the primary reasons for the .30-30's popularity amongst deer hunters is its light recoil. Average recoil from a typical 150-grain (9.7 g) load at 2,390 feet per second (730 m/s) in a 7.5-pound (3.4 kg) rifle is 10.6 pounds-force (47 N) of felt recoil at the shooter's shoulder.[4] This, combined with the cartridge's ability to take the majority of large game in North America, as long as the game is within 200 yards (180 m) of the shooter, results in a highly effective hunting round.
Because the majority of rifles chambered in .30-30 are lever-action rifles with tubular magazines, most .30-30 cartridges are loaded with round-nose or flat-nose bullets. This is to prevent a spitzer-point bullet (the shape seen on the .30-06 Springfield) from setting off the primer of the cartridge ahead of it in the magazine during recoil. Were that to happen, the gun would probably be damaged or destroyed and the shooter seriously injured. When used in single-shot rifles or handguns, such as the Thompson Center Arms Contender or Encore series, it is common for shooters to handload the cartridge with spire-point bullets for improved ballistics.
A notable exception to the "no-spire point" guidelines for tubular magazines is the new Hornady LEVERevolution line of flexible memory elastomer tipped ammunition[5]. By allowing a more efficient bullet shape, it allows a lighter bullet, higher muzzle velocity, and flatter trajectory. Given the popularity of the .30-30 cartridge and the lever action rifle, the potential market for the new ammunition is huge. Early reports indicate substantially improved accuracy with the round and at good terminal ballistic performance[6][7].
The .30-30 is one of the relatively few popular surviving centerfire rifle cartridges that have a rimmed case. The .30-30, like most other rimmed case examples, such as the 7.62x54R, the .303 British, the 9.3x74R, the .45-70 Government, and the Nitro Express cartridges, are all old cartridge designs that became popular before rimless designs became popular for bolt action rifles. The .307 Winchester, .308 Marlin Express, and the .444 Marlin are exceptions; all of these are modern cartridges designed specifically for lever action rifles.
[edit] Rifles and handguns chambered in .30-30
The .30-30 is by far the most common chambering in lever action rifles[8] such as the Winchester Model 1894 and the Marlin Model 336. The cartridge's rimmed design, medium length, and moderate pressure work well for the typical lever action design. The rimmed design is also well suited for various single-shot actions, so it is commonly found there as well. Rimmed cartridges are chambered in bolt action rifles, but .30-30 bolt actions are uncommon today, despite being quite effective in the field. “At one time Winchester turned out the Model 54 bolt-action repeater in this caliber [.30 WCF], but it was a decided failure, chiefly because the man desiring a bolt action preferred to take one of the better and more powerful cartridges. However, in this particular caliber, the .30 WCF cartridge proved to be decidedly accurate.”[9] In addition, rimmed cartridges typically don't feed well with the box magazines normally found on bolt-action rifles.[10][11][12][13] Another example of a .30-30 Winchester Bolt action rifle is the Remington 788.
In the sport of handgun metallic silhouette shooting, the .30-30 has had some success. The Thompson Center Arms Contender pistol, with its compact frame and break-open action, is ideally suited for cartridges of the .30-30's size. With proper loading, the .30-30 will produce velocities of nearly 2000 f/s (610 m/s) out of the short 10 inch (25 cm) Contender barrel, though recoil and muzzle blast are strong from the short barrel. The longer 14-inch (36 cm) barrel results in significant reductions in felt recoil (due to increased weight) and muzzle blast, with higher velocities, especially if factory loaded rifle ammunition is used. Magnum Research offers their five-shot BFR revolver in .30-30.[14]
[edit] Derivative cartridges
In addition to the most common factory derivations, the .25-35 Winchester (6.5 x 52R) and the less well known .219 Zipper, the .30-30 has also spawned many wildcat cartridges over the years. One of the more successful was the 7-30 Waters, made by necking the .30-30 case down to 7 mm (.284 inch). The 7 mm/.284 bullet offers higher velocities and better external ballistics performance, even with flat point bullets, and extends the effective hunting range of the lever action rifle. Wildcatter P. O. Ackley created the .30-30 Ackley Improved and .22/.30-30 Improved, both of which were chambered in lever action rifles[15][16].
The bulk of the other .30-30 based wildcats are used almost exclusively in the Contender pistol. One of the more notable examples is the .30 Herrett, a .30-30 case necked back to reduce case capacity for more efficient loading with fast burning powders. The .30 Herrett produces higher velocities with less powder than the larger .30-30 case in the short 10 and 14 inch (25 and 35 cm) Contender barrels.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Barnes, Frank C; Skinner, Stan (Ed.) (1965, 1969, 1972, 1980, 1985, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003). Cartridges of the World (10th ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87349-605-1.
- Chuck Hawks article on the .30-30
- Leverguns.com history of the .30-30
- ^ ".30-30 load data" from Hodgdon
- ^ ".30-30 Winchester" data from Accurate Powder
- ^ "Leverguns.com "article on History of the .30-30
- ^ "Chuck Hawks" article IDEAL DEER CARTRIDGES
- ^ "LEVERevolution" at Hornady web site
- ^ Hornady LEVERevolution Ammunition" by Guns and Shooting Online Staff at Chuck Hawks
- ^ The .30-30 Rides Again, Shooting Illustrated's Guns and Hunting
- ^ Chuck Hawks article The Deer Rifle
- ^ Sharpe, Philip B. (1937). "Part Two Rifle Loading Data", Complete Guide to Handloading, A Treatise on Handloading for Pleasure, Economy and Utility. Funk & Wagnalls, 368.
- ^ "Rimmed cartridges have certain drawbacks, but these were of no concern at the time the design was introduced. The biggest of these is the difficulty in obtaining reliable feeding from a box type magazine. The rims tend to interfere with each other during the feeding cycle. This occurs when the rim of the cartridge being chambered tries to strip the round beneath it, since the rims do not easily ride over one another." in "The Cartridge case article by Sierra Bullets
- ^ "The rimless cartridge design, generously borrowed from Mauser, was also an improvement as it featured superior feeding from a box magazine. " in .30-06 Springfield article at the Reload Bench
- ^ "When several cartridges are stacked in a magazine, the rims get in the way. " in GUNS AND AMMO: Terminology - Firearms
- ^ "The 222 Remington is in about the same class as the 219 Zipper, but is rimless and adapted to modern bolt action rifles." in .222 Remington article at the Reload Bench
- ^ BFR article at Magnum Research web site
- ^ .30-30 Ackley data at the Reload Bench
- ^ .22/.30-30 Improved data at the Reload Bench
