2N3904
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The 2N3904 is a small, common NPN BJT transistor used for general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds.
It is a 100 milliamp, 50 volt, 300 milliwatt transistor capable of operating up to 100 MHz, with a beta of at least 100. It's used in a variety of analog amplification and switching applications.
It is available in a variety of small through-hole and surface mount packages including TO-92, SOT-23, and SOT-223.
A 2N3906 is a complementary (PNP) transistor for the 2N3904. The 2N2222 is an NPN transistor that can safely switch 10 times as much current as the 2N3904 but has otherwise similar characteristics.