21 cm Mörser 18

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21 cm Mörser 18
fancifully-painted Mrs 18 at the US Army Field Artillery Museum, Ft. Sill, OK
Type	heavy howitzer
Place of origin	Germany
Service history
In service	1939-1945
Used by	Germany
Wars	World War II
Production history
Manufacturer	Krupp
Produced	1939-1942
Specifications
Weight	16,700 kg
Length	6.51 m
Barrel length	6.07 m / 29 calibers

Shell	separate-loading cased ammunition (6 charges)
Caliber	211 mm
Breech	horizontal sliding block
Recoil	dual-recoil hydropneumatic
Carriage	box trail
Elevation	-6° to +70°
Traverse	16° on wheels 360° on platform
Muzzle velocity	550 m/s
Effective range	16,725 m (18,290 yds)

The 21 cm Mörser 18 (heavy howitzer) (21 cm Mrs 18) was a German 211 mm (8.31") heavy howitzer used in the Second World War by independent artillery battalions and batteries. A number were also used by coast defense artillery units.

[edit] Design & History

The Mrs 18 was designed to replace the obsolescent WW I-era 21 cm Mrs 16. While the gun design itself was nothing innovative, the same cannot be said for the carriage. It was one of the first weapons, if not the first in quantity production, that used the interesting dual-recoil system. The barrel recoiled normally in its cradle, but, in addition, the whole top carriage, which carried the barrel and its cradle, recoiled across the main part of the carriage. This system damped out the recoil forces and made for a very steady firing platform. This carriage was also used for the 17 cm Kanone 18 in Mörserlafette.

The Mrs 18 was an enormous weapon that was transported in two pieces, as was common for such large weapons. For travel the barrel was slid on to a separate trailer. The carriage carried an integral firing platform that was lowered to the ground when emplacing the howitzer. The wheels were then cranked up off the ground and it was now ready for firing. A rear castor-wheel jack was used to raise the rear spade off the ground if the gun needed to be traversed more than allowed by the 16° allowed by the mount proper.

The Mrs 18 entered production at a low rate in shortly before the war began. The Germans cancelled production in 1942 in lieu of its smaller brother, the 17 cm Kanone 18 in Mörserlafette, which could fire almost twice as far.

[edit] References

Englemann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. Deutsche Artillerie 1934–1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974
Hogg, Ian V. German Artillery of World War Two. 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997 ISBN 1-85367-480-X