2007 New Zealand anti-terror raids

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Map of New Zealand.
Map of New Zealand.

On Monday October 15, 2007 several raids were conducted across New Zealand in relation to the discovery of an alleged paramilitary training camp deep in the Urewera mountain ranges near the town of Ruatoki in the eastern Bay of Plenty.

About 300 police, including members of the Armed Offenders and anti-terror squads, were involved in the raids[1] in which four guns and 230 rounds of ammunition were seized and 17 people arrested, all but one of them charged with firearms offences.[2] According to police the raids were a culmination of more than a year of surveillance that uncovered and monitored the training camps. Search warrants were executed under the Summary Proceedings Act to search for evidence relating to potential breaches of the Terrorism Suppression Act and the Arms Act.

On October 29 police referred evidence gathered during the raids to the Solicitor-General to consider whether charges should be laid under the Terrorism Suppression Act.[3] Authorisation for prosecutions under the Act is given by the Attorney-General (currently Michael Cullen) though he has delegated this responsibility to Solicitor-General David Collins.[4] On November 8 the Solicitor-General declined to press charges under the Terrorism Suppression Act, because of inadequacies of the legislation.[5] According to Prime Minister Helen Clark, one of the reasons police tried to lay charges under anti-terror legislation was because they could not use telephone interception evidence in prosecutions under the Arms Act.[6]

Contents

[edit] Background

The raids followed a lengthy investigation by police into activist groups ranging from environmentalists to Maori separatists. Police commissioner Howard Broad said the raids were conducted in the interest of public safety, but declined to outline the nature of the threat.[1] Seventeen people were arrested in the raids, the most notable being veteran Maori activist Tame Iti, who grew up and has lived much of his life in Ruatoki.[1][7] Police documents allege Iti was preparing for an IRA style "war on New Zealand" to establish an independent state on traditionally Tūhoe land.[8]

According to a Dominion Post report, Iti's group, named "rama" – the Maori word for enlightenment – consisted of about 20 people including former New Zealand Army soldiers, some of whom had fought in the Vietnam War, as well as several members in their late teens. The group's methods were allegedly derived from the IRA's Green Book training manual. The Dominion's source described the group as "comical" and "amateurish."[9] An "open invitation" to the training camps had been sent to sympathetic activists. A Christchurch activist who claims to have attended said he was "overwhelmed" and "a bit freaked out" by their military-style practices.[10] The owner of Christchurch gun dealer Gun City, which is supposed to have supplied about 5% of the group's weapons, claimed much of the weaponry seized was not useful for a terrorist attack, and that the media had sensationalised the events.[11]

The government group ODESC (Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Co-ordination), was also involved in the operation.[12][13]

[edit] Initial raids

Roadblocks were set up between Ruatoki and Taneatua by armed police, who searched and questioned everyone who passed through.[14] There were reports that a school bus was stopped and searched,[15] though police superintendent Wally Haumaha says these reports were wrong.[16] The bus driver, however, told a Hikoi four days after the raid: "The police did hop on our bus and they did search our bus ... they always held their rifles."[17][18] The organiser of the Hikoi called on the government to acknowledge the incident and do something for the children affected by it, speaking on Radio New Zealand she asked "I'd like to ask that question why? [was there nothing being done] is it because we're from Ruatoki? is it because the majority of children are Maori out here?"[19] Police maintained strong presence in Ruatoki in days following the initial raids and continued to question locals.[20]

[edit] Additional raids

A number of search warrants were executed in Auckland, Wellington, Palmerston North and Hamilton, in addition to the Bay of Plenty raids in Ruatoki and Whakatane.[21] One man was arrested on firearms charges in Palmerston North - he has been granted interim name suppression.[22] In the following days police also visited homes in Taupo and Tauranga.

[edit] Wellington

Four houses were searched in the Wellington region. Around 20 police surrounded a house used as a community centre before 6.00am and left with bags containing evidence of an unspecified nature. Despite none of the arrestees living at this address police used sniffer dogs to thoroughly search the house and nearby properties. Although police believed firearms were present on the premises, a television cameraman from TV3, which has an office on the same street, was not prevented from attending and recording the raid.[23][24] The community centre is a known meeting place for activists including environmentalists and fundraisers for foreign revolutionary movements but is also used for other activities including Yoga and language classes, a food bank and art facilities.[25][1] An occupant of the house, Sam Buchanan told Radio New Zealand the search warrant was for firearms and other materials, including things like "green jacket" and "men's black shoes." Police took away documents and bags of clothing. Although police wouldn't let the occupants leave the house, Buchanan said he was surprised the police allowed the occupants to use knives to make an apple pie during the raid. He said that some people who had been in the house would likely have met Tame Iti.[26]

[edit] Christchurch

Two Christchurch addresses inhabited by members of the Save Happy Valley Campaign were also visited by police in search of a person of interest, however, they did not have a search warrant and were refused access to the properties. Save Happy Valley is a group of environmentalist activists that use direct action, such as locking themselves to railway tracks, to oppose Solid Energy's mining in the Happy Valley region for coal.[1][27] Police later located the person at another Christchurch residence.[28] The man had attended the camp in the Urewera Ranges after an invitation from Tuhoe activists, according to a source close to him.[10]

[edit] Taupo

A home in Taupo was searched for four hours by police following previous raids elsewhere. The home owner is the organiser of Ecoshow, and environmental expo, and denied having any connection to the group in the Bay of Plenty, he suspects his home was targeted because his daughter is in a defacto relationship with a man from Ruatoki. Police seized computers and other equipment from the house, according to the occupant this equipment was used for the organics business ran from the home.[29]

[edit] Tauranga

On October 18 police entered the home of a Tauranga pensioner while he was out, they took an old oilskin jacket, a raincoat, a polar-fleece jacket, some magnets and an air rifle leaving behind a 20-page search warrant stating there "is reasonable ground for believing" there were items inside which were an offense relating to either "participating in a terrorist group", or the unlawful possession of firearms or restricted weapons. The occupant of the home told the New Zealand Herald that he had no idea why his home was searched and was "gutted" police had linked him to people potentially involved in terrorist crimes.[30]

[edit] Arrests and following court cases

Seventeen people were arrested in the raids, including Maori activist Tame Iti, his nephew Rawiri Iti, Aucklander Jamie Lockett,[31] and Radical youth activist Omar Hamed.[32] Within a month all were granted bail. Others included Rongomai Pero Pero Bailey of Grey Lynn, Auckland, who was charged with four firearms offences;[33] a 53-year-old man arrested in Palmerston North and bailed on health grounds;[34] Marama Mayrick, who faces five firearms charges; [35] and Ira Timothy Bailey, the brother of Rongomai Bailey.[36] Of the 17 arrested, 16 are facing firearms charges while one is facing a cannabis charge.[31] Police also attempted to lay charges against 12 people under the Terrorism Suppression act[37] but the Solicitor General declined to prosecute for charges under the act.[5] Within a month all were granted bail.

Fifteen of the accused had their cases heard in the Auckland district court on November 1 with the remaining two cases being heard the following day.[38] As a result of the first hearing Ira Bailey was granted bail and Jamie Lockett was given leave to apply for home detention.[36] Name suppression was also lifted on another three of the arrested; Emily Bailey, Moana Hemi Winitana and Valerie Morse.[38] Morse is a well-known Wellington anarchist activist who in June 2007 published the book Against Freedom: The war on terrorism in everyday New Zealand life. The book contains the passage "It is clear that political dissent is now more perilous and more treacherous than before September 11th. Given the new counter- terrorism laws, the possibility of being not only labelled a terrorist in the media, but prosecuted as one, is a reality. By casting political dissent as terrorism, the government, its agencies, the media, and other vested interests assault our freedom of expression"[39] All are scheduled to have their next hearing on December 3,[36] though after the Solicitor Generals decision not to lay terrorism charges, there were bail hearings on November 9[40] resulting in Valerie Morse, Emily Bailey, Omar Hamed, Tame Iti and another man who has name suppression being granted bail.[41] The last four of those arrested were also granted bail after a court appearance on November 12.[42]

When the cases were heard a large crowd had gathered both inside and outside the court to support the people arrested during the raids. Because of "the real and genuine interest" in the charges, the media wanted all future hearings to be held in open, The Crown took the unprecedented stance of supporting the media's right to photograph and cover the entire hearing.[36] The New Zealand media challenged an appeal to retain the name suppression for two of those arrested,[43] on October 31 the High Court dismissed the appeal, allowing the men's names to be made public.[44] The men were revealed as Vietnam war veteran Tuhoe Francis Lambert, and Te Rangikaiwhiria (Whiri) Kemara, both residing in Manurewa, Auckland.[45] On the 8th of November, the Solicitor General declined to prosecute under the Terrorism Suppression Act, citing insufficient evidence, and described the legislation as "complex and incoherent", and "almost impossible to apply to domestic circumstances", and recommended the law be sent to the Law Commission for review, which parliament has since agreed to.[5]

[edit] Leaked Evidence controversy

The lawyer representing Jamie Lockett has filed a contempt of court complaint against Fairfax Media which published leaked evidence from the case in The Dominion Post. He told Radio New Zealand "I think it is a fairly cynical move by the Dominion to sell newspapers. They have obviously looked at it from a commercial point of view and felt they can make more money by publishing it and I think just adds to the level of contempt."[46] On April 10, 2008 the solicitor general confirmed he is taking contempt of court proceedings against Fairfax Media and Dominion Post editor Tim Pankhurst, stating that "The articles were sensational in tone and highly memorable. The fact of the publications themselves became national news."[47]

[edit] Reaction

Protesters against the raids in Aotea Square, Auckland City.
Protesters against the raids in Aotea Square, Auckland City.

Government ministers, including Police Minister Annette King have asked MPs to remain calm about the issue as a police matter, and wait until details have been exposed in the courts.[48] Prime Minister Helen Clark, who is also the minister in charge of the Security Intelligence Service, at first distanced herself from the raids,[49] and refused to comment on SIS involvement.[13] Later while the case was before the courts she told media that those arrested "at the very least" had been training with firearms and napalm.[50] National Party leader John Key told media he was briefed by SIS staff days before the raids occurred. The Maori Party has condemned the move, with the MP for Waiariki, Te Ururoa Flavell, criticising the police for putting a community in his electorate "under siege," referring to the roadblocks imposed on the town of Ruatoki.[12] Co-leader Pita Sharples said the action has violated the trust that has been developing between Maori and Pakeha and sets race-relations back a hundred years.[51] The Green Party has also been critical, with co-leader Jeanette Fitzsimons saying the raids traumatised the local population.[52] The party later joined protests in Auckland to pressure the government to withdraw the Terrorism Suppression Amendment and call for those arrested to be released on bail. MP Keith Locke told TVNZ that the party will continue to protest until those held in custody are released.[53] In a press release New Zealand First MP Ron Mark stated that the police should be congratulated, and suggested a link between criminal gangs and the "suspected terrorist groups." He called for the anti-terrorism laws to be expanded to "outlaw criminal organisations such as gangs once and for all"[54] Aaron Loyd of the New Zealand Law Society has pointed out that the current legislation could already be used against gangs.[26] The Workers Party released a statement condemning the raids as "state violence."[55] Socialist Worker has called for the "Terror Laws to be abolished.[56]

Protesters in support of arrestees outside Wellington district court on October 17.
Protesters in support of arrestees outside Wellington district court on October 17.

Political commentators took different views on the raids, with intelligence agencies researcher and journalist Nicky Hager has suggested the raids may have been the result of the increased police and SIS staffing and resources aimed at anti-terrorism since 2001.[31] (The raids and the surveillance preceding them cost $8 million to plan and execute.)[57] Veteran activist John Minto criticised the police for the move, claiming that their actions provoked a "climate of fear and repression." while Left leaning commentator and blogger Martyn "Bomber" Bradbury, sided with the police, saying that in his dealings with the activist community he had become concerned with the actions of "some clowns."[58] The Herald was criticised for publishing these comments which did not mention who the "clowns" were or name the blog site Bradbury claimed to have communicated with them on.[59] New Zealand Herald columnist Matt McCarten saw the raids as being over the top; "Some of the young people I know who were arrested are actually vegans who don't even believe in killing animals, let alone human beings. When you get the police searching homes of environmental activists trying to save snails on the West Coast, you know that things have got really silly." McCarton also stated that New Zealanders should be more worried about the country joining the US database of terrorist suspects, and "the creeping powers of our secret police."[60] However the 'From the left' columnist for the Dominion Post, Chris Trotter reacted differently, saying "it wasn't the actions of the police that provoked my fury, but of those who'd forced their hand."[61] When left-wing musician Don Franks wrote a protest song about the raids, "Safer Communities Together Blues" he took a swipe at Trotters reaction with the lyrics "The political climate's getting hotter / Got to watch out for the pigs and the pigs' Trotter."[62]

The New Zealand Council of Trade Unions, which represents over 350,000 workers,[63] called for the repeal of the Suppression of Terrorism Act, CTU President Helen Kelly commented "the use of this law is unhelpful and is having the effect of making all political groups nervous about how this law is being and could be used."[64] Civil Liberties group Who's Watching You called the raids "a despicable show of force by the coercive arm of the state" and said that "The extensive use of surveillance to allegedly gather information is another telling example of the Government and police force’s willingness to disregard the people of Aotearoa."[65] Canterbury University academic and social justice campaigner David Small told bFM that the raids were draconian and probably illegal.[66] Former inspector in charge of the Auckland police criminal intelligence Ross Meurant called the raids "extreme and excessive" and claimed the police were guilty of "self-hype and self-justification."[67] An independent survey taken in early November showed 48% of people wanted to wait and see what evidence the police had before they made a judgement on the raids, while 36% said they were already satisfied with the way the police reacted and 13% thought the police overreacted. The statistics were much different among Maori, with 40% of Maori saying the police had over-reacted. The sample size was 750 people.[68]

[edit] Protest

Protesters dressed as terrorism detainees outside the Labour Party conference, November 3, 2007
Protesters dressed as terrorism detainees outside the Labour Party conference, November 3, 2007

On October 16 supporters of Tame Iti protested at the Rotorua District Court, and peace and environmental protesters gathered in Christchurch's Cathedral Square chanted and held signs such as "Protest is not terrorism" and "Arrest me. I'm protesting, I must be a terrorist". Indigenous rights protesters also rallied outside the New Zealand Consulate in Melbourne to condemn the raids.[10] Another protest occurred on October 17 outside the Wellington district court.[69] On October 19th up to one thousand people participated in a Hikoi in Whakatane, including people from the Ruatoki Valley and children from the Ruatoki primary school.[18] One Maori elder speaking at the protest called for the overturning of the Suppression of Terrorism Act.[70] The following day hundreds of protesters took to the streets across New Zealand, targeting local police stations. Protesters demanded the government withdraw the Terrorism Suppression Amendment Bill and called for immediate bail for those arrested in the raids. Global Peace and Justice Auckland spokesperson Mike Treen said a 'Darth Vader police force in para-military uniforms has been terrorising whole communities' and called for a national day of action the following week.[71] On the day Tame Iti appeared in the Rotorua district court 500 people protested causing police to close off streets around the Rotorua Courthouse.[72] There were protests on October 27 2007 in 13 cities around New Zealand,[73], and around the world including; the Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Greece and Australia.[74]

On November 3 a demonstration involving about 150 people took place outside a Labour Party conference. Some protesters wearing orange boiler suits had chained themselves together with gags in their mouths and a word such as "terrorist", "Maori" or "anarchist" on their backs. Others held placards with the slogans "State terrorists kidnapped our friends" and "Free political prisoners".[75] Len Richards, a Labour Party delegate allegedly struck a protester in the face with a megaphone, though he claims "there was no violence" despite TV3 showing footage of the incident[76]. According to the Workers Party, the protester was one of their members.[77] Three arrests were made at the protest, one a man attempting to break the police line and enter the Bruce Mason Centre where the conference was held, a second had been pulled off the top of a police van and a third was taken out the crowd, he claimed he had been trying to perform a haka. Security personnel at the venue had been significantly increased from the previous day.[75]

[edit] Aftermath

After representatives of Tuhoe hired him to investigate, Auckland Lawyer Peter Williams looked into whether charges could be brought against police for the raids and whether there was a case could for wrongful imprisonment,[78] On December 14 it was announced Williams would be representing thirty members of Tuhoe in a class action suit against the police, after receiving no response to a letter sent to Police commissioner Howard Broad.[79] Broad had earlier however publicly apologised to the people of Ruatoki for the raids and acknowledged that the actions of his force may take decades to heal.[80] According to TV3 Ruatoki residents want Utu (revenge) in the form of Broads resignation.[81] The call for resignation has been echoed by the Maori Party[82] and Global Peace and Justice Auckland.[83] A hikoi protesting the raids and the Suppression of Terrorism Act left the Bay of Plenty on November 12.[84] The hikoi collected signatures for a petition that it presented to parliament when it arrived in Wellington two days later[85] On November 13 a group of concerned individuals placed advertisement urging the government to get rid of the Suppression of Terrorism Bill in the Dominion Post. Signatories to the advertisement included Green Party leader Jeanette Fitzsimons and National Distribution Union leader Laila Harre.[86]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Police foil paramilitary plot - napalm bomb tested", TV3, 15 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-16. (cached 21 October 2007)
  2. ^ Terror raids - charges linked to just 4 guns. The New Zealand Herald (2007-11-17).
  3. ^ Solicitor-General to decide whether to lay terrorism charges. Radio New Zealand (2007-10-29).
  4. ^ Terror raid evidence with Solicitor-General. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-29).
  5. ^ a b c Terror legislation too complex - Collins. Stuff.co.nz (2007-11-09).
  6. ^ "Wider Phone Tapping Considered", New Zealand Herald, November 13, 2007
  7. ^ "Exclusive: Hunters alerted police to alleged terror camps", New Zealand Herald, 15 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. 
  8. ^ "The Terrorism Files:, Dominion Post, November 14, 2007
  9. ^ IRA style war plan. The Dominion Post (2007-10-17). (cached 22 October 2007)
  10. ^ a b c Activist focus of Christchurch Raid. The Press (2007-10-17). (cached 22 October 2007)
  11. ^ Media coverage sensationalised - gun shop owner. Radio NZ (2007-10-20).
  12. ^ a b Maori Protest anti-terror raids. The Press (2007-10-16).(cached 21 October 2007)
  13. ^ a b No Comment on SIS involvement. Radio New Zealand Morning Report (2007-10-19).
  14. ^ "Valley locked down after dawn raids", New Zealand Herald, 16 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-16. 
  15. ^ Siege leaves community in fear - Maori MP. Stuff.co.nz (2007-10-15). (cached 21 October 2007)
  16. ^ Police fail to appease Tuhoe leaders over raid (2007-10-17).
  17. ^ Anger mounts at police terror op. Stuff.co.nz (2007-10-19).(cached 21 October 2007)
  18. ^ a b Hundreds protest weapons raids. TVNZ (2007-10-19).
  19. ^ Rally Against Alleged Police Intimidation. Radio NZ Morning Report (2007-10-19).
  20. ^ Police keep presence in Ruatoki. TVNZ (2007-10-17).
  21. ^ (15 October 2007). "Police Operation". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-10-16. (cached 22 October 2007)
  22. ^ Manawatu Standard. "Arrest in city as part of terror sweep", stuff.co.nz, 16 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-16. 
  23. ^ "Breaking: Peacenik “Terrorists” Remanded To Friday", 15 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-16. 
  24. ^ Contact News Dept. TV3 News. Retrieved on 2007-10-16.
  25. ^ Latin America Solidarity News (20 September 2006). Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  26. ^ a b Terrorism Suppression Act Radio NZ Nine To Noon (2007-10-17)
  27. ^ An Anarchist Position Paper: The Save Happy Valley Campaign. Retrieved on 2007-10-16.
  28. ^ NZPA. "Happy Valley Coalition 'visit' not a raid, police say", stuff.co.nz, 16 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-16.  (cached 22 October 2007)
  29. ^ Police Raid in Taupo. Radio NZ Morning Report (2007-10-18).
  30. ^ Pensioner feels violated by police raid. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-18).
  31. ^ a b c Bush, Clark and Key were possible 'targets'. The Sunday Star Times (2007-10-21). (cached 21 October 2007)
  32. ^ Alleged terrorist's name revealed. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-25).
  33. ^ Man arrested in terror raids given bail. Stuff.co.nz (2007-10-23).
  34. ^ Police Fail To Account For All 17 "Terror" Accused. Scoop.co.nz (2007-10-18).
  35. ^ Terror accused has name suppression lifted. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-29).
  36. ^ a b c d Lockett likely to be freed. Stuff.co.nz (2007-11-01).
  37. ^ Four avoid Terrorism Act charges. The Dominion Post (2007-10-31).
  38. ^ a b Terror suspects named. The Dominion Post (2007-11-02).
  39. ^ Suspect Previously Published Book On War On Terror. Scoop.co.nz (2007-11-01).
  40. ^ Ambiguous terror act under fire. News Talk ZB (2007-11-09).
  41. ^ The High Court at Auckland has granted bail to five people arrested in nationwide police raids last month.. Radio New Zealand (2007-11-09).
  42. ^ Last of 'terror raid' accused released as hikoi starts. The New Zealand Herald (2007-11-12).
  43. ^ 'Terrorism' label seen as justification for speculation re police raids. Radio New Zealand (2007-10-30).
  44. ^ Arguments continue over men's name suppression. Radio New Zealand (2007-10-31).
  45. ^ Terror suspects lose name fight. The Dominion Post (2007-11-07).
  46. ^ Court action taken over 'terror' evidence publication. The New Zealand Herald (2007-11-15).
  47. ^ DomPost charged over 'terror' story (2008-04-10).
  48. ^ "Pakeha Protest Dawn Raid Detainees", Epoch Times, 20 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-21. 
  49. ^ World Media Latch onto Dawn Raids. The Press (2007-10-17).(cached 21 October 2007)
  50. ^ PM: activists 'trained to use napalm'. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-30).
  51. ^ Raids set Maori-Pakeha relations back 100 years - Sharples. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-18).
  52. ^ NZ police under fire over 'racist' raids. ABC News (2007-10-19).
  53. ^ Greens joins protests in Auckland. TVNZ (2007-10-20).
  54. ^ Possible Gang Links To Raids - Mark. Scoop.co.nz (2007-10-15).
  55. ^ Oppose State Violence. Workers Party of New Zealand.
  56. ^ Abolish the Terror laws!. Unityblog (2007-10-24).
  57. ^ Top Maori were terror targets. Sunday News (2007-10-21). (cached 22 October 2007)
  58. ^ "'Star Wars' police creating climate of fear - activist", New Zealand Herald, 15 October 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. 
  59. ^ Mediawatch Radio NZ (2007-10-21)
  60. ^ Forget terrorists it's the secret police the public needs to fear. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-21).
  61. ^ Actions of arrogant idiots. The Dominion Post (2007-10-19). (cached 24 October 2007)
  62. ^ No salvation in Ureweras. The Dominion Post (2007-11-02).
  63. ^ About NZCTU. NZ Council of Trade Unions.
  64. ^ CTU Calls for Repeal of Terrorism Act. Scoop.co.nz (2007-10-19).
  65. ^ Comment on the Monday 15th Arrests. Who's Watching You.
  66. ^ BFM Audio: Kim Talks To Spycatcher David Small. Scoop.co.nz (2007-10-16).
  67. ^ 'Leftie' backs police action. The New Zealand Herald (2007-10-17).
  68. ^ Public reserves judgement on police raids - UMR survey. Radio New Zealand (2007-11-02).
  69. ^ Wellington Urewera 17 solidarity demo pics. Indymedia Aotearoa (2007-10-18).
  70. ^ Hikoi Whakatane. Radio NZ Nine to Noon (2007-10-19).
  71. ^ New Zealanders protest Urewera raids. TVNZ (2007-10-20).
  72. ^ 500 protest ahead of Iti's court appearance. Stuff.co.nz (2007-10-25).
  73. ^ Nationwide protests against anti-terror op. The Sunday Star Times (2007-10-27).
  74. ^ Across the world, people demand freedom for political prisoners!. Aotearoa Indymedia (2007-10-27).
  75. ^ a b Arrests as demonstrators target Labour conference. The New Zealand Herald.
  76. ^ Labour Party delegate hits protester with megaphone. TV3 (2007-11-03).
  77. ^ Workers Party member assaulted by Labour Party member at conference protest. Workers Party of New Zealand (2007-11-04).
  78. ^ QC looks at case against terror raid police. Newstalk ZB (2007-11-01).
  79. ^ Tuhoe to sue police. Stuff.co.nz (2007-12-14).
  80. ^ Solicitor General's decision leads all papers. Radio New Zealand (2007-11-09).
  81. ^ Ruatoki residents call for Broad's resignation. TV3 News (2007-11-09).
  82. ^ Maori Party calls for Broad's resignation. Radio New Zealand (2007-11-09).
  83. ^ Press release: Global Peace and Justice Auckland/ Civil Rights Defence Committee. Indymedia Aotearoa (2007-11-08).
  84. ^ Last 'terror raid' accused freed as hikoi starts. The New Zealand Herald (2007-11-12).
  85. ^ Anti-raids hikoi expected to swell. TVNZ (2007-11-12).
  86. ^ Criticism of anti-terror laws intensifies. Newstalk ZB (2007-11-13).

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