2006 Zakouma elephant slaughter
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The 2006 Zakouma elephant slaughter refers to a series of poaching massacres of African elephants in the vicinity of Zakouma National Park in southeastern Chad. These killings have been documented in aerial surveys conducted from May through August 2006 and total at least 100 animals.[1] This region has a four decade history of illegal killing of this species; in fact, the Chad population was over 300,000 animals as recently as 1970 and has been reduced to approximately 10,000 as of 2006. The African elephant nominally has Chadian governmental protection, but the implementation practices of the government (backed with certain EU help) have been insufficient to stem the slaughter by poachers.[1] The species African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta africana) occurs in several countries of Eastern Africa.
The most recent aerial surveys were conducted from August 3-11, 2006, overseen by J. Michael Fay, a Wildlife Conservation Society conservationist and National Geographic explorer-in-residence. They found five separate massacre sites.[1] Zakouma is considered "one of the last bastions of wildlife in all of central Africa". Commissioned by the government of Chad and Project CRUSSE (Conservation and Rational Utilization of Sudan-Sahelian Ecosystems), Fay conducted surveys In 2005 and 2006 of elephants within Zakouma, and found populations to decline from 3885 to 3020 animals, significantly offsetting the precipitous increase of the previous six months, although the counting error could not be fully assessed.
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[edit] Reporting details
Fay reported that he saw a total of five men at a base camp, who ran when his airplane approached. At another time he saw one man on horseback with an automatic weapon,[2] who actually fired on the airplane. "Zakouma elephants are getting massacred right before our eyes", Fay relayed to reporters. "We hadn't been in the air more than two hours when we saw our first carcass. It was fresh, maybe just a few weeks old, not far from the park headquarters, and the animal's face had been chopped off, the tusks removed."
[edit] History of Zakouma National Park
Zakouma National Park is located between Sarh and Am Timan, in the southeastern part of Chad. Created in 1963, it was Chad's first national park, and has an area of almost 3000 square kilometres. It is entirely surrounded by the Bahr Salamat Faunal Reserve. Zakouma was neglected during the period of civil conflict, but a restoration programme, supported by the European Union, began in 1989 and is continuing in 2006.
Elephants within the park have protection from the Chadian government, but the elephants who migrate outside Zakouma to forage in the rainy season, are not subject to the same patrol protection as within the park. According to Stephen Sautner of the Wildlife Conservation Society: "All hunting of elephants in Chad is illegal, and the sale of ivory has been banned since 1989, though black-market trade is increasing."[1]
[edit] Biodiversity background
Since at least the 17th century some humans have killed certain wildlife species in locations not under their land ownership. Generally such actions have been conducted for commercial exploitation to retrieve antlers, tusks, hides or even as trophies. Besides issues of theft and immorality, there have arisen serious consequences of biodiversity impact. Species often targeted for poaching include African elephant, rhinoceros, tiger, sea turtle and many other. Poaching can also include live capture for commercial sale such as taking of primates for medical research. Significant attrition of many species has occurred especially over the last two centuries, sometimes leading to endangerment or even extinction.
[edit] Logistics of ivory trade
Killing elephants for ivory has been a major cause of the decline of the African elephant population since at least the 1970s. Most of the ivory harvested is imported into China and Thailand. For example, between 1996 and 2002 forty five tonnes of ivory in transit to China were seized by authorities. Quite recently China has agreed to reduce imports of ivory; however a Chinese official Chen Jianwei has indicated that many Chinese people are confused about the legality of ivory imports[1].
[edit] Relation to regional conflict
Zakouma is about 260 kilometres west of the conflict area of Darfur, and is in the path of recent warfare in Chad, thus overall security is low and the national border is "porous in this isolated region."[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e "Widespread elephant slaughter discovered in Chad" - August 30, 2006 Wildlife Conservation Society Press Release
- ^ National Geographic reporting source describing use of automatic weapons
