1st Reserve Division (German Empire)
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| 1st Reserve Division (1. Reserve-Division) | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1914-1919 |
| Country | Germany |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Approx. 15,000
World War I: Gumbinnen, Tannenberg, 1st Masurian Lakes, Łódź, Spring Offensive, Hundred Days Offensive |
The 1st Reserve Division (1. Reserve-Division) was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from reserve infantry units primarily from East Prussia. The division served from the beginning of the war until October 1917 on the Eastern Front, after which it was transferred to the Western Front for the war's final campaigns. It was rated a third class division by Allied intelligence, mainly due to its losses in heavy fighting and reduced quality of replacement troops.[1] [2]
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[edit] August 1914 organization
The 1st Reserve Division's initial wartime organization was as follows:[3]
- 1.Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade:
- Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 1
- Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 3
- 72.Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade:
- Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 18
- Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 59
- Reserve-Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 1
- Reserve-Ulanen-Regiment Nr. 1
- Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 1
- 4./Pommersches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 2
[edit] Late World War I organization
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). The 1st Reserve Division triangularized in June 1917.[4] An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 1st Reserve Division's order of battle on January 1, 1918 was as follows:[5]
- 1.Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade:
- Ostpreußisches Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 1
- Ostpreußisches Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 3
- Posensches Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 59
- 4.Eskadron/2.Garde-Ulanen-Regiment
- Artillerie-Kommandeur 71:
- Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 1
- II./Reserve-Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 1
- Stab Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 301:
- 4./Pommersches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 2
- 1.Reserve-Kompanie/Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 34
- Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 201
- Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 401
[edit] References
- 1.Reserve-Division at 1914-18.info
- Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935)
- Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939, Bd. 1 (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993)
- Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920)
[edit] Notes
- ^ 1. Reserve-Division - Der erste Weltkrieg
- ^ Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920)
- ^ Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle
- ^ 1. Reserve-Division - Der erste Weltkrieg
- ^ Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle
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