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The 1983 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.[1] These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1983 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
[edit] Storms
24 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 23 became tropical storms. 12 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 4 reached super typhoon strength.
[edit] Tropical Storm Sarah/Goring
When Tropical Storm Sarah formed in the South China Sea on June 24, it became the latest start of a western Pacific season since 1973. Sarah moved northwestward, hit Vietnam, and dissipated on the 26th.[2] Damage across the Philippines totaled 2.77 billion Philippine Pesos (1983 pesos).[3]
[edit] Typhoon Tip
A tropical disturbance first noted east of the Philippines, the system moved through the archipelago as a tropical depression before strengthening briefly to a typhoon in the South China Sea. A combination of northeasterly vertical wind shear and proximity to land weakened the cyclone to a tropical storm before its landfall on Hai-nan and struck Chan Chiang, China as a tropical depression.[4]
[edit] Typhoon Vera
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on July 12, east of the Philippines. It headed westward, strengthening to a tropical storm that night and a typhoon on the 13th. Vera made landfall on the 14th as an 85 mph (137 km/h) typhoon, weakened over the islands, and restrengthened over the South China Sea to a 100 mph (160 km/h) typhoon. Vera struck Hainan Island on the 17th, crossed the Gulf of Tonkin, and dissipated over Vietnam on the 18th. Vera brought torrential flooding, resulting in the deaths of over 100 people.[5]
[edit] Super Typhoon Wayne
Becoming a tropical depression east of the Philippines, Wayne strengthened rapidly to become a tropical storm on July 22, a typhoon on July 23, and a super typhoon around midday on July 24 before moving south of Taiwan into mainland China on July 25 and dissipating. In the Philippines, 20 perished due to flash flooding.[6]
[edit] Super Typhoon Abby
First noted southeast of Guam on July 31, this system slowly matured into the season's second super typhoon as it moved west-northwest over the following nine days. Intensification was most rapid as it was slowly recurving northward on August 7 and August 8. After peaking early on August 9, Abby slowly weakened as it interacted with the main belt of the Westerlies. It managed to remain a major typhoon, with winds at or above 100 knots (190 km/h), for a week. Abby finally weakened back into a tropical storm on August 17 just before its landfall at Hamamatsu, Japan. By late that night, Abby completed the transition to an extratropical cyclone after moving through central Japan. Two perished from Abby in Japan. Its deluge led to numerous landslides and the destruction of 19 bridges. Commercial traffic by land, sea, and air was also paralyzed by the cyclone.[7]
[edit] Tropical Storm Carmen
Originating in the monsoon trough in the South China Sea in early August, a low level circulation was first spotted about 370 km east of Vietnam on August 8. Slow development ensued, and the system became a tropical depression during the night of August 12. Tracking slowly north-northeast, Carmen began to accelerate to the east-northeast towards the Luzon Strait steered by Abby. This acceleration was likely a redevelopment of the low pressure area downshear. The system became a tropical storm early morning of August 14 as it continued to close the distance to Abby. By late morning on August 15, absorption into Abby was complete.[8]
[edit] Tropical Storm Ben
An area of strong thunderstorms formed east of Abby, developing a low level center on August 12 on the western side of the thunderstorm activity, due to westerly vertical wind shear from nearby Abby. It developed into a tropical storm that night and moved northwest due to Abby's influence on the steering across the western Pacific at that time. Turning to the west, Ben moved along the southern coast of Honshū and made landfall west of Hamamatsu. Due to land interaction and increasing upper level westerly wind shear, Ben became an exposed low level circulation on August 14 in the Sea of Japan, eventually dissipating late on August 15.[9]
[edit] Tropical Storm Dom
On August 17, a tropical disturbance was noted west of Guam. Slow development ensued, and the system became a tropical storm late on August 19. As a deep cyclone near Japan linked up with the monsoon trough, the cyclone turned sharply northeast on August 20. Persisitently sheared by strong northeasterly flow aloft initially, once Dom recurved its convection was left completely behind, weakening the system to a tropical depression on August 21. Thunderstorms began to redevelop near the center, and by midday on August 23 Dom was a tropical storm once more. At this point Dom was moving erratically as the trough near Japan moved off to the east, and by August 24 Dom turned back to the north-northwest. By August 25 strong winds aloft weakened Dom once more, and the cyclone dissipated as a tropical cyclone on August 26.[10]
[edit] Tropical Depression 09W
This system formed well north of normal to the west of Dom, as the monsoon trough was similarly displaced. It was first noted on August 25, but showed no further development. Thunderstorms were located about 300 miles (480 km) south of the center, but since the central pressure was under 1000 mb, it was considered a tropical depression while an exposed low level swirl. The system did develop some central convection, and moved northward into South Korea, bringing showers to the region, and dissipated late on on August 27.[11]
[edit] Typhoon Ellen
It was first noted as a tropical disturbance east of the International Dateline on August 26. It became a tropical storm soon after crossing in the dateline on the morning of August 29. A strong high pressure ridge offshore Japan led to no further development over the next 5 days, and the cyclone began to track south of west. Dropping down to a weak tropical depression late on September 1, conditions aloft finally improved and the cyclone strengthened into a typhoon on September 3 as it tracked west-northwest. Approaching Luzon late on September 5, Ellen intensified rapidly into a strong typhoon before the terrain began to weaken the cyclone. Its final landfall was at Macau on the morning of September 9 as a minor typhoon. Hong Kong experienced extensive damage, with six killed and 277 injured. Twenty-two ships ran aground in the harbor. By late on the 9th, Ellen was rapidly dissipating in mainland China.[12]
[edit] Super Typhoon Forrest
Super Typhoon Forrest developed in the Western Pacific Ocean in September over the open ocean. It was the fastest-developing tropical cyclone on record, with a pressure drop of 92 mbar in a 24 hour period, a record broken by Hurricane Wilma in 2005. Forrest struck Japan as a tropical storm on the 28th, causing 21 casualties and moderate damage.[13]
[edit] Tropical Storm Georgia
A large area of thunderstorm activity formed west of the Philippines. Rapidly organizing on September 28, Georgia became a tropical storm by the next morning. Moving westward, it tracked across Hainan to the south of China. Ultimately the storm made its final landfall in Vietnam before dissipating while entering Laos. Georgia killed 26, damaged 7000 buildings, and led to a loss of 247,000 acres (1,000 km²) of rice. The 13-14 inches of rainfall it brought to Vietnam relieved drought conditions.[14]
[edit] Tropical Storm Herbert
The initial disturbance was first spotted 250 miles (402 km) east of Mindinao. Moving westward for the next few days without development, the system moved into the South China Sea. The system became a tropical storm on October 7 to due significantly increased low-level southwesterlies spinning up its circulation. The cyclone then moved west-northwest, striking Nha Trang, Vietnam. The convective pattern was slow to fade as it drifted westward across Indochina over the next few days.[15]
[edit] Typhoon Ida
An inverted trough appeared near Saipan on October 6, which appears to be linked with pre-existing convection within an upper-level cyclone, which appeared as early as October 3. By late on the 6th, a closed circulation formed. Continuing to develop, the system became a tropical depression on the morning of October 8 as it moved northwest. Becoming a typhoon on October 10 as it was recurving into the main belt of the Westerlies, the cyclone passed only 150 km southeast of Honshū. Since it was a small cyclone, no damage occurred within Japan. By late on October 11, Ida evolved into an extratropical cyclone which moved eastward through the northern Pacific.[16]
[edit] Typhoon Joe
One of three consecutive tropical cyclones to form in the South China Sea, the initial disturbance was first noted well south of Guam on October 6. The system moved westward, and developed a closed wind circulation by midday on October 9. A new center formed to the south, which complicated the system's development. Remaining poorly organized in the Philippine Sea due to northerly vertical wind shear, the tropical depression crossed central Luzon. Now in the South China Sea, the system became better organized and developed into a tropical storm and typhoon as it moved northwest. Soon after becoming a typhoon, Joe moved into southern China about 190 km west of Hong Kong and quickly dissipated inland.[17]
[edit] Tropical Storm Kim
- Main article: Tropical Storm Kim (1983)
Tropical Storm Kim, which formed in the South China Sea on October 14, hit southeastern Vietnam late on October 16. It weakened over land, but retained its circulation, and redeveloped into a tropical depression on October 19 in the northeastern Bay of Bengal in the North Indian Ocean. Kim continued northwestward, and dissipated on October 20 over Myanmar. Kim, though a weak storm, caused 200 fatalities and extensive crop damage from heavy rainfall.[18]
[edit] Typhoon Lex
First noted near the Marshall Islands on October 14, the tropical disturbance moved westward for the next couple of days without and further development. An upper level ridge built over the system on October 16 while near Truk, which encouraged slow development. The system developed a weak surface circulation which progressed across the central Philippines. Once it entered the South China Sea, development increased and it became a tropical depression, then tropical storm, on October 22. Transcribing a cyclonic loop, Lex continued to intensify and was a typhoon by October 25. Moving close to Hainan, Lex weakened to a tropical storm while entering the Gulf of Tonkin. The cyclone made landfall near Dong Hoi, Vietnam on October 26 as a moderate tropical storm, and then rapidly weakened after moving inland. Hundreds of people were killed, with 81 perishing from an oil drilling ship which was sunk during the storm.[19]
[edit] Super Typhoon Marge
This system began as a tropical disturbance with a weak circulation near 7N 172E. Becoming the fourth super typhoon of the season, Marge stairstepped west-northwest east of the Philippines before recurving east of Japan. During recurvature, its forward motion reached 54 knots (100 km/h), becoming one of the fastest known tropical cyclones on record.[20]
[edit] Tropical Storm Norris
A midget tropical storm, Norris quickly evolved on November 8 and recurved well east of Asia, primarily threatening shipping in the western Pacific.[21]
[edit] Typhoon Orchid
A tropical disturbance organized into a tropical depression on November 14 over the open West Pacific. It tracked southwestward then westward, slowly organizing into a tropical storm on the 17th. Orchid's motion became erratic, and it drifted northward, always remaining within 850 nautical miles (1,570 km) of Typhoon Percy, a slow moving typhoon in the South China Sea. Orchid reached her peak of 145 mph (233 km/h) winds on the 23rd, before vertical shear caused it to weaken. The storm turned southward, where it dissipated on the 27th. Though the storm was fairly close to the Philippines, no damage was reported. However, an intra-island ferry capsized, resulting in the deaths of 167 passengers.[22]
[edit] Typhoon Percy
Located not too distant to the southwest of Orchid, Percy thrived in a divergent region created by Orchid's outflow pattern beginning on November 17. Rapid development occurred on the morning of November 19 while in the South China Sea, and the system meandered due to the weakness in steering created by Orchid to its northeast. The cyclone managed 160 km of movement through November 23. Briefly becoming a typhoon, eventually Percy became entrained in Orchid's inflow band and began to be sheared by Orchid's opposing outflow pattern. Other than moving through the Philippines while in the initial tropical depression phase, Percy affected no other land masses.[23]
[edit] Tropical Storm Ruth
This system began along the near equatorial trough southeast of Guam on November 15. Moving slowly westward, there was little additional development until November 19. Thunderstorm activity significantly increased in coverage to a 1670 km east-west axis, with a center forming near 5N 147E. The system moved slowly northwest until November 23. Orchid acted to limit its development by robbing inflow from this disturbance. On the 23rd it became a tropical depression before executing an anticyclonic loop. Upper level conditions became hostile soon afterwards, and the depression weakened. Into November 27 the system moved erratically and went through cycles of convective development and shearing. When Orchid weakened into a tropical depression, Ruth began to develop rapidly and became a tropical storm early on November 28. A frontal zone on its northwest side led to an intense gale in that quadrant, which led to the upgrade. The cyclone nearly became a typhoon later that day before vertical wind shear returned, introduced by a fresh cold outbreak from Asia. The cyclone degenerated to an exposed low-level swirl on November 30.[24]
[edit] Tropical Storm Sperry
The initial disturbance formed along the near equatorial trough after Ruth dissipated. On November 30 a surface circulation formed 740 km south of Guam. By December 1, the system appeared to be forming into a tropical cyclone but its thunderstorm activity shifted over 900 km to the northwest of the center. Taking a day to recover, the system attempted to reorganize and became a tropical storm early on December 3. Southerly vertical wind shear limited its development for much of its life cycle. Turning eastward, it reached its maximum intensity late on the 3rd before shearing apart on December 4. Early on December 5, the system degenerated into a weak area of low pressure.[25]
[edit] Tropical Storm Thelma
This system formed east of the Caroline Islands on December 11 near 4N 170E. Over the next couple days, an upper cyclone to its north shifted westward, which helped lead to increased outflow and a low-level circulation. It moved rapidly westward for the next 60 hours as a poorly-defined low despite increasing convective organization. By late morning on December 16, it became a tropical storm. The system tracked along a smooth parabola east of the Philippines becoming a moderately strong tropical storm. Intense vertical wind shear struck the cyclone as it moved northeast at a clip up to 27 knots (50 km/h), and the system rapidly weakened.[26]
[edit] 1983 storm names
Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1983 was named Sarah and the final one was named Thelma.
-
Andy
-
Brenda
-
Cecil
-
Dot
-
Ellis
-
Faye
-
Gordon
-
Hope
-
Irving
-
Judy
-
Ken
-
Lola
-
Mac
-
Nancy
-
Owen
-
Peggy
-
Roger
- Sarah 1W
- Tip 2W
- Vera 3W
- Wayne 4W
|
- Abby 5W
- Ben 7W
- Carmen 6W
- Dom 8W
- Ellen 10W
- Forrest 11W
- Georgia 12W
- Herbert 13W
- Ida 14W
- Joe 15W
- Kim 16W
- Lex 17W
- Marge 18W
- Norris 19W
- Orchid 20W
- Percy 21W
- Ruth 22W
- Sperry 23W
- Thelma 24W
-
Vernon
-
Wynn
|
-
Alex
-
Betty
-
Cary
-
Dinah
-
Ed
-
Freda
-
Gerald
-
Holly
-
Ike
-
June
-
Kelly
-
Lynn
-
Maury
-
Nina
-
Ogden
-
Phyllis
-
Roy
-
Susan
-
Thad
-
Vanessa
-
Warren
|
-
Agnes
-
Bill
-
Clara
-
Doyle
-
Elsie
-
Fabian
-
Gay
-
Hal
-
Irma
-
Jeff
-
Kit
-
Lee
-
Mamie
-
Nelson
-
Odessa
-
Pat
-
Ruby
-
Skip
-
Tess
-
Val
-
Winona
|
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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