1983 Melbourne dust storm
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The Melbourne dust storm was a meteorological phenomenon that occurred on the afternoon of 8 February 1983 in Melbourne, the second largest city in Australia. It was one of the most dramatic events of the 1982/83 drought, the worst in Australian history, and is now viewed as an ominous precursor to the disastrous Ash Wednesday fires which occurred eight days later.
In late 1982 and early 1983, the El Niño weather cycle had brought record drought to almost all of eastern Australia, with Victoria’s Mallee and northern Wimmera severely affected.
During the morning of Tuesday 8 February 1983, a strong but dry cold front began to cross Victoria, preceded by hot, gusty northerly winds. The loose topsoil in the Mallee and Wimmera was picked up by the wind and collected into a huge cloud of dust that heralded the cool change. At Horsham in western Victoria, raised dust was observed by 11:00am. Within an hour, it had obscured the sky.
Fed by the strong northerly, the temperature in Melbourne rose quickly and by 2:35pm it had reached 43.2°C, a record February maximum. Around the same time, a dramatic red-brown cloud could be seen approaching the city.
The dust storm hit Melbourne just before 3:00pm, accompanied by a rapid drop in temperature and a fierce wind change that uprooted trees and damaged houses. Within minutes, visibility in the capital had plunged to 100 metres. City workers huddled in doorways, covering their mouths from the choking dust, and traffic came to a standstill.
The worst of the storm was over by 4:00pm, when the wind speed dropped. The dust cloud was approximately 320m high when it struck Melbourne, but in other areas of Victoria it extended thousands of metres into the atmosphere.[1]
It was estimated that about 50,000 tonnes of topsoil were stripped from the Mallee (approximately 11,000 tonnes of it being dumped on the city). The combined effect of drought and dust storm inflicted damage on the land that, according to the then President of the Victorian Farmers and Graziers’ Association, would take up to 10 years and tens of millions of dollars to repair [2].
The exact weather pattern that had caused the dust storm was repeated one week later, when the Ash Wednesday fires caused enormous destruction and loss of life.
[edit] References
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008) |
- ^ Drought, dust and deluge : a century of climatic extremes in Australia (2004) : Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne
- ^ The Melbourne dust-storm of February 1983
