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The 1982 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1982, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.[1] These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1982 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
[edit] Storms
28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 26 became tropical storms. 19 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.
[edit] Tropical Storm Mamie
An area of thunderstorms was first spied March 7 near the 150th meridian east and just south of the equator. Over the next several days, the disturbance crossed the equator, moving northward. By March 14, it was located 190 km east-southeast of Truk. Turning westward, the system became a tropical storm by the afternoon of March 16. Further intensification was quite slow, and halted upon landfall in Mindanao on March 19. Extensive property and crop damage, as well as 40 deaths, were attributed to this storm. The cyclone entered the Sulu Sea as a tropical storm, and turned northward as it reached the South China Sea. A turn to the west again occurred, which directed Mamie to a landfall near Nha Trang, Vietnam late on March 24. Dissipation was complete within a mountainous region on March 25.[2]
[edit] Typhoon Nelson
This storm was the second of three early season, low latitude systems to form southeast of Guam. Nelson intensified rapidly from a tropical disturbance into a tropical storm. This was due to very strong divergence aloft. Strong low level easterlies and rapid westward movement led to slower development thereafter. After March 22, forward motion began to slow and intensification resumed. Maximum intensity was reached on March 25. On March 27, Nelson moved through the south-central Philippines and rapidly weakened. Slight intensification resumed as the center emerged into the South China Sea. By March 30, upper level wind shear led to significant weakening, with the low level center becoming exposed and eventually dissipating on April 1 about 445 km east of Nha Trang, Vietnam.[3]
[edit] Typhoon Odessa
An area of disorganized thunderstorms was noted near 2N 159E on March 26. Moving northwest due to significant cyclogenesis offshore Japan, a circulation center developed within this convective cluster over the next few days. By the afternoon of March 29, it had matured into a tropical storm. A mid-level trough extended southwest towards the cyclone. Combined with strong ridging building in north to northwest of the storm, Odessa ceased moving northwest and turned east at around 10 knots during March 30 and March 31. As the mid-level trough continued moving east, Odessa turned back to the north, and eventually west-northwest, as ridging built in north of the cyclone. After the change in course to west, intensification resumed, and the system reached typhoon strength in the afternoon of April 2. As Odessa peaked in strength a weakness in the subtropical ridge lured its convection northeast, shearing the thunderstorms away from the center. Rapid weakening ensued, and the cyclone dissipated on the afternoon of April 4.
The occurrence of this cyclone ended the most active March for tropical cyclone formation in the northwest Pacific ocean since 1967. Odessa was unique from a climatological standpoint, moving east and west in an area normally known for northward moving tropical cyclones in March.[4]
[edit] Typhoon Pat
Pat became the lone tropical cyclone in the western Pacific basin during the two month interval between Odessa's dissipation and the formation of Ruby. The disturbance which led to Pat's formation developed southwest of Guam on May 14. By May 17 the system had organized sufficiently to become a tropical depression. Moving westward until the afternoon of May 18, Pat abruptly changed course to the north through a break in the subtropical ridge parallel and close to the Philippines. Rapid intensification ensued, with Pat reaching its maximum intensity late on May 21. As the cyclone turned to the northeast, vertical wind shear began to weaken the cyclone. Its wind field broadened as it began extratropical transition. By midday on May 23, Pat had evolved into an extratropical cyclone along a frontal boundary with cool, dry air wrapping into its center. The cyclone became absorbed by a larger system near Japan on May 24.[5]
[edit] Typhoon Ruby
A blob of thunderstorms was noticed about 600 km southeast of Guam on June 18. It tracked westward, without significant development until June 20 while passing south of Ulithi Atoll. Steering currents collapsed, and the system drifted between Ulithi and Yap for the next couple of days. By the morning of June 21, the system had strengthened into a tropical storm. The system drifted north to northwest, then northeast towards Guam. Ruby waited to detach from the monsoon trough before further strengthening was realized on June 23. Steady intensification ensued, and the cyclone accelerated northward, becoming a typhoon on the afternoon of June 24. Ruby became an extratropical cyclone on June 27, occluding and becoming nearly stationary east of Hokkaidō for several days.[6]
[edit] Tropical Storm Tess
The initial disturbance formed in the South China Sea in late June as a monsoon depression. A weak low-level circulation formed on June 27, but convection remained far from the center. By June 29, convection had become nearer to the center and it qualified as a tropical depression. No additional development was seen through June 30 as the system moved northward. The cyclone turned east-northeast, paralleling the coast of China. When tropical storm force winds were observed in Hong Kong, the cyclone was upgraded to a tropical storm late on June 30. Quickly weakening back to a tropical depression early on July 1, Tess dissipated as it approached the Formosa Strait.[7]
[edit] Tropical Storm Skip
Skip formed from a tropical disturbance near 20N 124E on June 26. A sharp trough connected Ruby with Skip at this time, which was undergoing frontogenesis as Ruby became extratropical. By late morning on June 30, Skip was of tropical storm strength accelerating up the frontal boundary to its northeast with limited convection near its center, and was considered by the Joint Typhoon Warning center as a subtropical cyclone in its annual report. By July 2, what limited convection was near the center of Skip disappeared, and it became an extratropical cyclone.[8]
[edit] Tropical Storm Val
A new circulation center formed along a frontal-like band east of Taiwan on July 1. Isolated convection was seen near the low pressure center at the time. When deeper convection formed on July 3, Val was deemed to become a tropical storm. In the Joint Typhoon Warning Center write-up, it was considered a subtropical cyclone after the fact. The cyclone accelerated northeast, and by July 4 whatever central convection it once had was gone and it was considered an extratropical cyclone late that morning.[8]
[edit] Tropical Storm Winona
Moderate to strong northeasterly vertical wind shear hampered the development of this tropical cyclone throughout its life cycle. Between July 10 and July 12, its predecessor disturbance marched westward with little development. Observations from Yap late on July 12 verified the existence of a developing low-level center, and it was upgraded to a tropical depression at this time. Moving west-northwest along the southern periphery of the subtropical ridge, Winona made landfall on Luzon during the afternoon of July 15. Damage to Clark Air Force Base totalled US$250,000 (1982 dollars) and 272 families in the Philippines were left homeless by the ensuing flood. Reintensifying in the South China Sea, the cyclone reached its peak intensity on the afternoon of July 16. Thereafter, wind shear took its toll and the cyclone began to weaken. The cyclone revealed an exposed low-level center on July 17, and the system dissipated before reaching the China/Vietnam coast on July 18.[8]
[edit] Typhoon Andy
The system formed on the northern edge of the monsoon trough south of Guam. Prior to its formation, low-level westerlies were firmly in place south of the 10th parallel eastward to the International Date Line. On July 20, the monsoon trough segmented, with the middle segment becoming Andy (Bess formed from the eastern segment). On July 22, the area south of Guam showed increasing thunderstorm activity and organization. That morning, it became a tropical storm. Andy's center briefly became exposed on July 23 before drifting back under the thunderstorm activity. After looping south of Guam, the cyclone moved northwest and strengthened. Andy turned westward near the 18th parallel on July 25 as the ridge to its northeast strengthened. The system became a strong typhoon for a prolonged period on July 28 and July 29 before striking southern Taiwan. A deluge fell across eastern Taiwan, where flood-related damage was concentrated. Continuing westward through the Formosa Strait, the storm made its final landfall and dissipated in southeast China on July 30.[8]
[edit] Super Typhoon Bess
- Main article: Typhoon Bess (1982)
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression near Kwajalein on July 22. It headed northwestward, becoming a tropical storm on July 23 and a typhoon on July 24. A shortwave trough forced Bess southwestward where it remained a 105 mph typhoon. It looped and stalled until another shortwave trough brought the typhoon to the northwest. Bess rapidly intensified to a 160 mph super typhoon, and weakened steadily as it turned more northward. Bess crossed the Japanese coast on August 1 as a minimal typhoon, and was absorbed by a low pressure center in the Sea of Japan on August 2. Bess caused torrential mudslides in Japan, causing extensive damage and 59 casualties. The name Bess was retired after this season.[9]
[edit] Typhoon Cecil
A low-level circulation north of Chuuk organized into a tropical depression on August 4. After moving quickly westward, the depression stalled on August 5 and August 6, allowing it to strengthen into a tropical storm and mature into a typhoon on August 7. The typhoon turned northward, rapidly intensifying to maximum sustained winds of 125 knots on August 8 while east of Taiwan. Cooler water temperatures and vertical wind shear weakened Cecil as it continued northward, and as a 35 knot tropical storm, it hit North Korea on August 14. Though significantly weakened, it brought a great deal of precipitation, causing severe flooding killing 35 (with 28 missing) and millions in damage.[10]
[edit] Typhoon Dot
A weak circulation formed near Kwajalein on August 5. Over the next couple days, the low moved northwest. Slowly developing, it became a tropical depression on the morning of August 9, and a tropical storm by evening. Becoming a typhoon on August 11, Dot moved westward under the base of the subtropical ridge. By August 12, Cecil's outflow began to impact Dot, and weakening ensued, sending Dot back to the tropical storm stage. As Cecil's influence began to lessen on August 13, Dot stopped weakening. As a tropical storm, Dot rapidly passed over Taiwan on August 15, rapidly weakening over the mountainous island. As a weak tropical storm, Dot dissipated after making landfall in eastern China.[11] As of 2005, Dot is the eighth wettest known typhoon for Hong Kong. It dropped 19.36 inch/491.7 mm of rainfall upon the region.[12]
[edit] Typhoon Ellis
A disturbance appeared in the monsoon trough south of Ponape on August 15. Modest development ensued as it moved west-northwest, and the system was classified as a tropical depression on the morning of August 19, and a tropical storm that night. Turning to the northwest, Ellis became a typhoon on the morning of August 21, and ultimately a major typhoon on August 22. A mid-level trough moving into the Yellow Sea continued Ellis' recurvature. Moving east of Okinawa on August 25, the cyclone headed northward towards Japan. Moving by Kyūshū, Shikoku, and Honshū, the cyclone degenerated into a tropical storm. Heavy rains up to 28 inches {71 cm) inundated southwest Japan, bringing life to a standstill for the region. Moving into the Sea of Japan on August 27, Ellis evolved into an extratropical cyclone which turned back to the northwest, ending up about 220 km west of Vladivostok.[13]
[edit] Typhoon Faye
On August 16, a weak tropical disturbance was moving towards the southern Philippines. Its low-level circulation was easily identified, since it was exposed, away from any deep convection. The system organized in the South China Sea, becoming a tropical depression by midday on August 21, a tropical storm that evening, and a typhoon on the night of August 22. A small cyclone, Faye moved northward on August 24 due to the weakening of a warm core ridge over China. By that evening, it reached its maximum intensity. On the morning of August 25, the cyclone strikes Luzon and rapidly weakens. Wallace Air Station reported gusts to 100 knots during the passage of Faye. Recurving to the northeast, Faye continued weakening due to vertical wind shear from Ellis, with dissipation as a tropical cyclone occurring on the afternoon of August 27. As a tropical depression, Faye moved east-northeast for a while before stalling between a mid-level trough and newly developed Tropical Storm Gordon. As Ellis retreated to the north, Faye began to reorganize with tropical storm status reattained on the morning of August 28 and typhoon status reached that night. Weakening began anew due to outflow from Typhoon Gordon, and the system became a tropical storm once more on the early morning of August 30. By August 31, a building ridge to Faye's north led to a southwest motion as the system continued to weaken. The cyclone became a tropical depression that evening, and drifted west for the next few days as an exposed low level circulation. The depression dissipated in the South China Sea on the afternoon of September 3.[14]
[edit] Typhoon Gordon
The initial disturbance that led to Gordon's formation developed within the monsoon trough just west of the International Date Line. A surface circulation developed in associated with this convection on August 25 near 8N 163E. While upper ridging aloft existed, it was not until the following day that it developed directly over this disturbance. Moving northwest, rapid development began early on August 27, with tropical depression status achieved that morning and tropical storm intensity reached that afternoon. Gordon became a typhoon on the morning of August 28. By early on August 30, the cyclone reached its maximum intensity. A building ridge to its north directed Gordon westward until September 3, when its motion slowed. A shortwave trough deepened to its northwest, and the cyclone turned northward in response. By September 4, the cyclone was accelerating east to northeast, passing about 480 km southeast of Tokyo, and the storm became extratropical early on the afternoon of September 5.[15]
[edit] Tropical Storm Hope
A monsoon depression formed over the South China Sea on September 3. It deepened rapidly, becoming a tropical storm late on September 4. Moving quickly westward, it struck the coast of Vietnam south of Da Nang, then moved into the mountains of Laos and Vietnam as it rapidly dissipated. Significant flooding caused the evacuation of several thousand people and damaged the rice crop.[16]
[edit] Typhoon Irving
An active monsoon trough was south of Guam. By late on September 4, a surface low was apparent near 11N 130E. Late the next day, it became a tropical depression while moving generally to the west. By the next morning, it had strengthened into a tropical storm. Late on September 8, the cyclone struck the southern tip of Luzon as a strong tropical storm. Moving through an inland sea route though the archipelago, Irving slightly weakened before turning northwest into the South China Sea. Irving became a compact typhoon while strengthening over open waters. Weakening back into a tropical storm due to land interaction with Hai-nan and mainland China, the system made landfall about 205 km northeast of Hanoi, then rapidly dissipated as it moved inland.[17]
[edit] Typhoon Judy
Forming in tandem with Irving, Judy formed east of the Philippines as a tropical disturbance on September 4. In contrast to Irving, Judy's intensification was more rapid, becoming a tropical depression early on September 6, a tropical storm later that morning, and a typhoon on September 8 while tracking northwestward. On September 9, Judy appears to have ingested dry air from a nearly tropical upper tropospheric cyclone, as its central eye feature expanded significantly. A mid-latitude trough south of Korea swept Judy more northward, ultimately accelerating the storm towards Japan on September 11. When 70 knot Typhoon Judy hit southeastern Japan on September 12, its torrential rains left 25 dead and causing moderate damage. Extratropical transition had begun around that time, and Judy became an extratropical cyclone on September 13.[18]
[edit] Typhoon Ken
Forming along the western end of the monsoon trough in the Philippine Sea, the convective disturbance was first noted on September 14. By the afternoon of September 16, the system had organized into a tropical depression, and by that night a tropical storm. As a compact system, rapid intensification continued, with Ken becoming a typhoon on the evening of September 17 and a major typhoon on September 18. The cyclone up to this point had a history of progressing slowly west-northwest, but Ken eventually stalled on September 20 and became a larger cyclone, possibly due to the injestion of some cooler, drier air from its periphery. As a mid-latitude trough to its north deepened, Ken took off to the northeast towards Okinawa. On September 23, Ken brought significant rains to the island when 11.09 inches (28.2 cm) were measured at Kadena. Weakening ensued thereafter due to interaction with the main belt of the Westerlies. Ken made landfall upon Shikoku early on September 25, and moved onward into the Sea of Japan where it evolved into an extratropical cyclone. The fourth typhoon of the season to strike Japan, Ken brought winds as high as 114 knots and rainfall of 8.70 inches (22.1 cm) within a six hour period to Shikoku. Resultant mudslides damaged thousands of homes.[19]
[edit] Tropical Storm Lola
Forming in proximity to the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT), its initial disturbance was first spotted as a weak band of convection near the International Dateline in the subtropics on September 13. Slowly developing, a low pressure system was spotted with the thunderstorm activity on the morning of September 15. Becoming a tropical storm the following afternoon, Lola recurved around the western periphery of the subtropical ridge. The cyclone accelerated northeast on September 17, and by the morning of September 19, Lola had become an extratropical cyclone along the frontal zone which swept it out of the subtropics.[20]
[edit] Tropical Depression 22
A short lived system, this cyclone followed in the wake of Ken. In fact, Ken's outflow kept the thunderstorm activity significantly removed from the depression's low level center for its entire existence. Moving northwest, numerous ship reports of 30 knot winds led to the indication of this depression during the afternoon of September 21. The cyclone could not develop into a deep system due to the persistent wind shear as it began to round the western periphery of the subtropical ridge. By the afternoon of September 22, the cyclone weakened into a low pressure area. This low developed into a small extratropical cyclone when it linked up with a frontal boundary southeast of Japan on September 24.[21]
[edit] Super Typhoon Mac
A persistent surface circulation developed on September 28 east of Ponape. On October 1, the convection began to organize as the upper level environment improved and the system became a tropical depression that night. Moving west-northwest, Mac passed nearby Guam as a strong tropical storm on the morning of October 3. Heavy rains and high winds in the southern part of the island led to US$1.5 million (1982 dollars) in damage. Continuing to intensify rapidly, Mac soon became a typhoon, and by October 5 had become a super typhoon. Recurving northwest, the storm travelled into a weakness in the subtropical ridge, accelerating north-northeast as it passed the ridge axis by October 6. Acceleration into the main belt of the Westerlies continued while the cyclone slowly weakened, and Mac evolved into a typhoon-strength extratropical cyclone on the afternoon of October 9.[22]
[edit] Typhoon Nancy (Weling)
Typhoon Nancy, which developed on October 10, hit eastern Luzon on October 14. Its winds were reduced to tropical storm strength, but Nancy re-intensified to an 80 knot typhoon over the South China Sea. It hit northern Vietnam on the October 18, and dissipated shortly thereafter. The heavy rains accompanied by the system caused 309 fatalities[23] and over $46 million in damage (1982 USD).[24]
[edit] Tropical Depression 25
A weak circulation formed near near 18N 141E on October 14. Moving westward, it developed into a tropical depression on the morning of October 15. Convection near the center soon weakened, and it became an exposed low level swirl on October 16. Progressing northwest, this low level circulation maintained its identity for another couple days. On October 18, some convective bands returned to the system. Early on October 19, the circulation became involved with the developing Typhoon Owen, and was absorbed.[25]
[edit] Typhoon Owen
The last cyclone of an active 14 week period, Owen developed from a disturbance east of Kwajalein on October 13. Slow development ensued as it moved west-northwest, and by early October 16 it achieved tropical depression status. Northerly vertical wind shear tilted the system to the south with height, and slowed development. By October 19, Owen became a typhoon as it slowed and turned more to the north. As it picked up forward speed during recurvature, it reached its peak intensity during the afternoon of October 20. Thereafter, the system began to shear from the south, its wind field expanded, and extratropical transition had begun. Owen became an extratropical cyclone on the morning of October 22. The system then was blocked from fully recurving into the Westerlies, and turned to the southeast and south. Convection increased south of the center on October 23, and Owen became a tropical cyclone once more with active central convection on October 24. The system moved eastward as a tropical storm for the next day. By October 25, Owen turned back to the north and began to lose its thunderstorm activity once more. Weakening back into a tropical depression, Owen eventually dissipated in the warm sector of an approaching extratropical cyclone late on October 27 after tracking over 6600 km.[26]
[edit] Typhoon Pamela
On November 21, an area of convection west of the International Date Line organized into Tropical Depression 27W. It looped, then tracked to the west where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Pamela on the 24th. It continued west-northwestward, reaching typhoon intensity on the 26th. Pamela reached a peak of 115 mph winds as it crossed the Marshall Islands, and as it continued westward, residents of Guam were afraid of the devastating Super Typhoon Pamela of 1976. It approached the island as a weakened tropical storm on December 1, but only brought minor winds and damage. Pamela looped to the southwest on the 4th, strengthened to a typhoon but weakened back to a tropical storm. It restrengthened to a typhoon just before hitting the Philippines on the 7th. The storm dissipated on the 9th, after causing moderate to extensive damage to the islands of the West Pacific.
Its unusual path and the time of year was very nearly repeated by Typhoon Manny in the 1993 Pacific typhoon season. The name Pamela was retired after the season, possibly in respect of the 1976 storm.[27]
[edit] Typhoon Roger
Following quickly behind Pamela, this system was slow to initially organize. A large area of thunderstorm activity was spotted on the afternoon of December 3 about 2200 km southeast of Pamela. The convective system moved west-northwest at 10 knots, shadowing Pamela. Upper level outflow from Pamela was leading to moderate to strong vertical wind shear over the disturbance, explaining its slow development. Early on December 7, both Pamela's and Roger's centers were as close as 1110 km from each other. Vertical wind shear finally lessened as Pamela weakened over the Philippines, allowing Roger to rapidly develop into a tropical storm late on December 8 and a typhoon on the morning of December 10. Moving northwest along the coast of the Philippines, Roger weakened back into a tropical storm. Vertical wind shear increased again, which combined with land interaction quickly weakened the tropical cyclone. By early afternoon on December 10, the cyclone became ill-defined and no longer qualified as a tropical cyclone. Moving northeast away from the Philippines, Roger's remains were absorbed into an approaching frontal zone on December 12.[28]
[edit] Other storms
Two additional tropical depressions were not named as tropical storms by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). They were, however, designated as tropical cyclones by the Philippines (PAGASA) once they entered the Philippine area of responsibility.
[edit] Storm names
Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1982 was named Mamie and the final one was named Roger. The names Bess and Pamela were retired after this season.
- Andy 10W
- Bess 11W
- Cecil 12W
- Dot 13W
- Ellis 14W
- Faye 15W
- Gordon 16W
- Hope 17W
- Irving 18W
- Judy 19W
- Ken 20W
- Lola 21W
- Mac 23W
- Nancy 24W
- Owen 26W
- Pamela 27W
- Roger 28W
-
Sarah
-
Tip
-
Vera
-
Wayne
|
-
Abby
-
Ben
-
Carmen
-
Dom
-
Ellen
-
Forrest
-
Georgia
-
Herbert
-
Ida
-
Joe
-
Kim
-
Lex
-
Marge
-
Norris
-
Orchid
-
Percy
-
Ruth
-
Sperry
-
Thelma
-
Vernon
-
Wynn
|
-
Alex
-
Betty
-
Cary
-
Dinah
-
Ed
-
Freda
-
Gerald
-
Holly
-
Ike
-
June
-
Kelly
-
Lynn
-
Maury
-
Nina
-
Ogden
-
Phyllis
-
Roy
-
Susan
-
Thad
-
Vanessa
-
Warren
|
-
Agnes
-
Bill
-
Clara
-
Doyle
-
Elsie
-
Fabian
-
Gay
-
Hal
-
Irma
-
Jeff
-
Kit
-
Lee
- Mamie 1W
- Nelson 2W
- Odessa 3W
- Pat 4W
- Ruby 5W
- Skip 7W
- Tess 6W
- Val 8W
- Winona 9W
|
[edit] Philippines
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones within its area of responsibility. Lists are recycled every four years. On the 1982 list, the name "Atang" was replaced by "Akang". Otherwise this is the same list used for the 1978 season.
- Akang 1W
- Bising 2W
- Klaring 4W
- Deling 8W
- Emang 9W
|
- Gading
- Heling
- Iliang 10W
- Loleng 12W
- Miding 13W
|
- Norming 15W
- Oyang 14W
- Pasing 17W
- Ruping 18W
- Susang 19W
|
- Tering 20W
- Uding 23W
- Weling 24W
- Yaning 25W
- Aning 27W
|
- Bidang 28W
- Katring (unused)
- Delang (unused)
- Esang (unused)
- Garding (unused)
|
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
