1964 Pacific typhoon season
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| First storm formed: | May 23, 1964 | |
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| Last storm dissipated: | December 16, 1964 | |
| Strongest storm: | Winds: Sally & Opal - 195 mph (170 knots) Pressure: Sally-894 mbar |
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| Total storms: | 39 | |
| Typhoons: | 26 | |
| Super typhoons: | 7 | |
| Total fatalities: | at least 1,283 | |
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The 1964 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1964, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1964 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1964 Pacific typhoon season was the most active season in recorded history with 39 storms. Notable storms include Typhoon Louise, which killed 400 people in the Philippines, Typhoons Sally and Opal, which had some of the highest winds of any cyclone ever recorded at 195 mph, Typhoons Flossie and Betty, which both struck the city of Shanghai, China, and Typhoon Ruby, which hit Hong Kong as a powerful 140 mph category 4 storm, killing over 700 and becoming Hong Kong's worst named typhoon in history.
[edit] Seasonal activity
52 numbered tropical waves formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 39 became tropical storms. 26 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 7 reached super typhoon strength. The season's 39 tropical storms is the most recorded tropical storms to form in the basin[1]. The South China Sea saw higher than normal activity in 1964 – between the years 1959-1963, the average was 3.2 typhoons to travel the area, compared to the 10 typhoons in the 1964 season. Two of the super typhoons, Sally and Opal, set seasonal records - Sally was strongest storm of the season, reaching a pressure of 894 mbar while Opal was the largest system of the season.
Five typhoons performed cyclonic loops this season; only two or three happen on average yearly. Kathy did a rare move by executing a second minor loop while undergoing the first loop. Another unusual phenomenon that occurred during the 1964 season was rapid degeneration of typhoons. Notable ones include Alice, Elsie and Cora which degenerated into tropical lows within hours. No apparent reason has been found to this rapid degeneration event[2].
[edit] Storms
Timeline of tropical activity in 1964 Pacific typhoon season
[edit] Typhoon Tess
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| Duration | May 14 – May 24 | |||
| Intensity | 85 kt, 960 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 1W formed on May 14 and started moving west. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Tess and soon reached typhoon status. The storm peaked at a Category 2 typhoon with 95 mph (153 km/h) winds with a pressure of 960 mbar. Weakening occurred and Tess was declared extratropical on May 23 without making landfall. [3]
[edit] Tropical Depression 2W
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| Duration | May 16 – May 17 | |||
| Intensity | unk kt, unk hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 2W was a short lived depression forming just south of Guam on May 16 and moved to the northeast dissipating within 18 hours. Only four advisories were released on Tropical Depression 2W.
[edit] Typhoon Viola
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| Duration | May 25 – May 29 | |||
| Intensity | 70 kt, 980 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 3W formed on May 25 near Manila. The depression became Tropical Storm Viola the same day, and then Typhoon Viola on the 27th. Viola peaked at 80 mph (129 km/h) winds with a pressure of 980 mbar. The typhoon made landfall in Hong Kong on May 28, dissipating soon after. [4]
[edit] Typhoon Winnie
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| Duration | June 23 – July 3 | |||
| Intensity | 100 kt, 968 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 4W formed on June 26, east of Manila. The depression quickly strengthened to a storm and was given the name Winnie the next day. The storm yet again strengthened reaching typhoon status by the 28th. On June 29, Winnie made landfall in Manila without losing much strength. While moving west, Winnie reached its peak intensity of 115 mph (185 km/h) winds and 968 mbar on July 1. Winnie then made landfall in China and dissipated over land on July 3. [5]
[edit] Typhoon Alice
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| Duration | June 26 – June 28 | |||
| Intensity | 65 kt, 1000 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 5W formed on June 26 in the open Pacific moving west. The depression quickly strengthens and was given the name Alice. The storm makes landfall in Guam on the 27th and also reached its peak intensity of 75 mph (121 km/h) with a pressure of 1000 mbar. Alice was absorbed by Typhoon Winnie on June 28 near Yap. [6]
[edit] Tropical Depression 6W
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| Duration | June 21 – June 22 | |||
| Intensity | unk kt, unk hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 6W formed on June 29. The depression never strengthened into a tropical storm and dissipated four days later on July 2. The location of this depression is unknown.
[edit] Typhoon Betty
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| Duration | July 2 – July 7 | |||
| Intensity | 110 kt, 960 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 7W formed east of Taiwan on July 2. The depression moved west and strengthened into a storm the same day. Betty moved west, peaking at 125 mph (201 km/h) winds the next day. After passing Shanghai, China on July 6, rapid weakening occurred and Betty dissipated. [7]
[edit] Super Typhoon Cora
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| Duration | July 6 – July 10 | |||
| Intensity | 140 kt, 970 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 8W formed west of Truk on July 4. The depression moved west and strengthened into a tropical storm on July 6. Rapid strengthening occurred and Cora reached super typhoon status by July 8. Cora peaked at 160 mph (260 km/h) winds and a minimum pressure of 970 mbar that day. As fast as the strengthening happened, Cora then rapidly weakened, making landfall in The Philippines as a tropical storm on July 10. Cora dissipated the same day over water. [8]
[edit] Typhoon Doris
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| Duration | July 11 – July 16 | |||
| Intensity | 80 kt, 995 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 9W formed on July 9 southeast of Truk. The depression moved to the northeast, reaching tropical storm status and receiving the name Doris on July 11. Strengthening was slow, and because of that, Doris did not reach typhoon status until July 13. Doris, on the 14th reached its peak intensity of 995 mbar with 90 mph (145 km/h) winds. Rapid weakening occurred, thus Doris dissipated on July 15 near Orinawa. [9]
[edit] Typhoon Elsie
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| Duration | July 13 – July 19 | |||
| Intensity | 100 kt, 1000 hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 10W formed on July 13 west of Saipan. Slow strengthening occurred, thus 10W didn't reach tropical storm status until the 15th and was given the name Elsie. After reaching tropical storm status, moderate strengthening occurred, as Elsie reached typhoon intensity on late on the 16th. Rapid strengthening finally occurred, reaching a peak of 100 knots (115 mph) on July 17 and soon made landfall in The Philippines. Elsie weakened and dissipated over water on the 18th. [10]
[edit] Tropical Depression 11W
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| Duration | July 21 – July 23 | |||
| Intensity | unk kt, unk hPa | |||
Tropical Depression 11W formed out in the open Pacific Ocean on July 21 and moved west. The depression dissipated on July 23 east of the Philippines, without making landfall.
[edit] Typhoon Flossie
The tropical wave that spawned Typhoon Flossie formed as Tropical Depression 12W on July 26. Rapid strengthening occurred and the depression was given the name Flossie that same day. Flossie strengthened rapidly to a 90 mph (145 km/h) typhoon and then made landfall near Shanghai, China on the 27th. Flossie quickly weakened, making its second landfall in Korea and dissipating over land on the 29th. [11]
[edit] Tropical Storm Grace
Tropical Depression 13W formed on July 26 southwest of Iwo Jima. Strengthening occurred and 13W was given the name Grace. Grace strengthened into a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. Grace made a curve on the 29th and dissipated the next day. Strengthening re-occurred and Grace reached tropical storm status on August 3. Grace finally dissipated the next day. (see below)
[edit] Super Typhoon Helen
Tropical Depression 14W formed late on July 27 west of Wake Island. The depression strengthened quickly, reaching tropical storm status that same day and receiving the name Helen. Rapid strengthening occurred which caused Helen to become a typhoon on the 29th. By July 30, Helen was a category 4 super typhoon just south of Iwo Jima. That same day, Helen just passed by Iwo Jima. Rapid weakening occurred and Helen made landfall in China as a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm on August 3. Helen dissipated over land the same day. [12]
[edit] Super Typhoon Ida
The interaction between the polar trough and an easterly wave developed into Tropical Depression 15W on August 2. It moved to the west-northwest, quickly strengthening into a tropical storm later on the 2nd and into a typhoon on the 4th. Ida rapidly intensified to a 155 mph (249 km/h) super typhoon on the 6th, and struck northeastern Luzon at that intensity that night. After weakening over the island, Ida turned to the northwest and hit southeastern China near Hong Kong on August 8 as a 100 mph (160 km/h) typhoon. The storm killed 75 people, and caused moderate to heavy damage on its path. [13]
[edit] Tropical Depression 16W
The apparent 16th system of the 1964 typhoon season was recorded to be the reformed Tropical Storm Grace on August 3rd and 4th.[14]
[edit] Tropical Storm June
Tropical Depression 17W formed on August 10 in the open Pacific Ocean. Slow intensifying occurred, and 17W was given the name June. June quickly peaked at 45 mph (72 km/h) and dissipated on the 13th north of Luzon.
[edit] Tropical Storm Lorna
Tropical Depression 18W formed northwest of Saipan on August 12. Strengthening occurred slowly, reaching tropical storm status, receiving the name Lorna and dissipating the next day at a 40 mph (64 km/h) tropical storm peak.
[edit] Typhoon Kathy
The 19th tropical depression of the season formed on August 11 northwest of Wake Island. Rapid strengthening occurred, and 19W was given the name Kathy by the next day. Kathy continued to gain strength and was a typhoon later on the 12th. From August 15 to August 18, Kathy had a Fujiwhara interaction with Typhoon Marie, soon absorbing Marie on the 18th. More strengthening occurred and Kathy was a Category 4 typhoon by the 18th, peaking at 135 mph (217 km/h) winds. Weakening occurred and Kathy made landfall as a tropical storm in Japan on August 25, dissipating soon after.
[edit] Typhoon Marie
Tropical Depression 20W formed far west of Hong Kong on August 14. Strengthening was slow and 20W was given the name Marie the next day. During the storm's lifetime, Marie had a Fujiwhara interaction with the stronger Typhoon Kathy, causing Marie to weaken after peaking at a 80 mph (129 km/h) typhoon and making landfall in Iwo Jima on the 17th. Marie made landfall in Japan on the 18th and was absorbed by Typhoon Kathy the same day.
[edit] Tropical Storm Nancy
Tropical Depression 21W formed far northeast of Wake Island on August 17. The depression strengthened and was given the name Nancy. Nancy peaked at a 40 mph (64 km/h) tropical storm, dissipating over water on August 19.
[edit] Tropical Storm Olga
Tropical Storm Olga was spawned by the 22nd tropical depression of the season forming on August 23 in the South China Sea. Olga dissipated on August 25, not strengthening farther than a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm or ever making landfall.
[edit] Tropical Depression 23W
Tropical Depression 23W formed on August 25, never reaching tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day as it formed. The location of this depression is unknown.
[edit] Tropical Storm Pamela
Tropical Depression 24W formed on August 25 as a 25 mph (40 km/h) depression southeast of Wake Island. The depression quickly strengthened, peaking at a 60 mph (97 km/h) storm named Pamela the same day. Pamela weakened rapidly and was gone by 1200 UTC August 26.
[edit] Typhoon Ruby
Typhoon Ruby, which formed on September 1 to the northeast of Luzon, rapidly intensified on September 5 to a peak of 140 mph (230 km/h) winds. It hit near Hong Kong just hours later, and dissipated on September 6 over China. Ruby caused over 730 fatalities and heavy damage.
[edit] Tropical Depression 26W
Tropical Depression 26W formed northwest of Saipan on September 2. The depression moved north and dissipated on September 3, without making landfall.
[edit] Super Typhoon Sally
Tropical Depression 27W formed on September 3 near Ponape as a 30 mph (48 km/h) depression. 27W quickly strengthened and was given the name Sally the same day. Rapid strengthening occurred as Sally moved west, reaching typhoon status by September 4, super typhoon status by the 6th and its peak intensity of 894 mbar with 195 mph (314 km/h) winds, becoming the strongest typhoon of the season on the 7th. Sally made landfall in Taiwan on the 9th as a Category 4 typhoon. Weakening occurred and made landfall in China as a 115 mph (185 km/h) typhoon on the 10th, dissipating over land the same day.
[edit] Tropical Depression 28W
Tropical Depression 28W formed on September 7, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day as forming. The location of this depression is unknown.
[edit] Typhoon Tilda
A tropical wave formed between Saipan and Iwo Jima on September 12. The wave strengthened and was given the designation 29W on the 13th. Rapid strengthening occurred and the depression became Tropical Storm Tilda the same day. By the 15th, Tilda was a 105 mph (169 km/h) typhoon. Tilda made landfall in China and weakened slightly on the 16th of September. Tilda reached water again and re-strengthened to a 130 mph (210 km/h) typhoon. Tilda made landfall on the 23rd in Vietnam, dissipating over land.
[edit] Typhoon Violet
The 30th tropical depression formed on September 14 in the South China Sea. The depression quickly strengthened and was given the name Violet within six hours. Violet reached typhoon status the next day and made landfall in Vietnam, dissipating over land.
[edit] Tropical Depression 31W
Tropical Depression 31W formed on September 15, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day. The location of this depression is unknown.
[edit] Super Typhoon Wilda
Super Typhoon Wilda, having started on September 19 and reaching a peak of 175 mph (282 km/h) on the 21st, steadily weakened after its peak. It turned northward and northeastward, and made landfall on southern Japan on the 24th as a 115 mph (185 km/h) typhoon, and became extratropical the next day. Wilda left 42 dead or missing from its heavy flooding.
[edit] Tropical Storm Anita
The 33rd depression of the season formed near Vietnam on September 24. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Anita the next day. Anita's strength changed rapidly on the 25th and 26th, reaching its peak intensity of 60 mph (97 km/h) on the 26th. Anita dissipated over water on September 27.
[edit] Tropical Storm Billie
The 34th depression formed from a tropical wave west of Guam on September 25. The depression moved west, slowly strengthening to a tropical storm on the 27th. The storm made landfall in The Philippines the next day and peaked at 70 mph (113 km/h) the day after. Billie dissipated over water on October 1.
[edit] Typhoon Clara
Tropical Depression 35W formed on October 2 near The Philippines. The depression became Tropical Storm Clara the same day. Clara moved westward and gained strength slowly, reaching typhoon status on October 4 near The Philippines. Clara made landfall in Samoa on the 5th after it reached its peak at 90 mph (145 km/h). The storm continued westward and made landfall in Vietnam, dissipating after landfall on the 8th.
[edit] Typhoon Dot
Forming on October 6, Typhoon Dot hit northern Luzon on October 9 as an 80 mph (129 km/h) storm. It continued northwestward, and reached a peak of 100 mph (160 km/h) before hitting near Hong Kong on October 13. Dot dissipated quickly, after leaving 36 dead or missing, with 85 people injured from the typhoon.
[edit] Tropical Storm Ellen
Tropical Depression 37W formed west of Kawalein on October 8, peaking at a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm and was given the name Ellen. Ellen dissipated on October 10 near Ponape.
[edit] Tropical Storm Fran
Tropical Depression 38W formed on October 15 near Wake Island. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Fran soon later. The storm peaked at 60 mph (97 km/h), the storm made a curve to the north and dissipated on October 17.
[edit] Tropical Storm Georgia
Tropical Depression 39W formed west of the Philippines on October 20. During the formative stage, 39W crossed paths with the active Tropical Depression 40W. The depression stormed westward, reaching storm status on the same day and received the name Georgia after landfall in the Philippines. Georgia continued to move westward peaking at 45 knots and made landfall in Vietnam on October 23. Georgia dissipated over land.
[edit] Tropical Depression 40W
Tropical Depression 40W formed northeast of Truk on October 20. The depression moved west and soon crossed paths with the soon-to-be Tropical Storm Georgia. 40W threatened both the islands of Yap and Ulithi on the 23rd. The depression dissipated on October 24.
[edit] Typhoon Hope
Tropical Depression 41W formed near Guam late on October 23. The depression gained strength and was given the name Hope within six hours. Strengthening occurred slowly and Hope reached typhoon intensity on October 27. The storm peaked at 85 mph (137 km/h) winds on the 28th near Chichi Jima. The storm weakened over water and became extratropical on the 30th near Japan.
[edit] Tropical Depression 42W
Tropical Depression 42W formed on October 30 and lasted for several days over water. 42W dissipated on November 4, never reaching tropical storm status. The location of this depression is unknown.
[edit] Typhoon Iris
Tropical Depression 43W formed from a tropical wave on November 2 near The Philippines. The depression quickly strengthened, being given the name Iris that same day. Iris moved westward and made landfall in Vietnam on November 4, dissipating over land that day.
[edit] Typhoon Joan
Tropical Depression 44W formed from a tropical wave off The Philippines on November 6. The depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Joan the same day. Joan quickly strengthened peaking at an 80 mph (129 km/h) typhoon on the 8th. Joan made landfall in Vietnam on November 9, dissipating over land.
[edit] Typhoon Kate
A tropical wave was spotted off Vietnam on November 12. The wave became Tropical Depression 45W on the 13th. The depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Kate the same day. Kate made a curve to the west as a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. Kate strengthened into a typhoon on the 15th and a peak at 90 mph (145 km/h) winds the next day. Kate made landfall over Vietnam on the 17th, dissipating over land.
[edit] Super Typhoon Louise
The monsoon trough spawned Tropical Depression 46W on November 15 east of the Philippines. It moved westward, reaching tropical storm status later on the 15th and typhoon status on the 16th. Louise rapidly intensified, and peaked at 190 mph (310 km/h) on the 18th. The super typhoon weakened slightly to 160 mph (260 km/h) before hitting the southeast Philippines on the 19th. Louise dissipated over the archipelago on November 20, after causing 400 fatalities.
[edit] Tropical Depression 47W
Tropical Depression 47W formed on November 19, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated on November 20. The location of this depression is unknown.
[edit] Tropical Storm Marge
Tropical Depression 48W formed on November 21 near The Philippines. The depression made landfall in the Philippines just after forming. The depression was finally given the name Marge on the same day. Marge quickly strengthened to a 65 mph (105 km/h) tropical storm the next day. Weakening occurred and Marge dissipated over water on November 24.
[edit] Tropical Storm Nora
The 49th tropical depression formed near the Philippines on November 27. The depression brushed the area and strengthened into Tropical Storm Nora. Nora quickly weakened into a depression and dissipated the next day, peaking at only 65 mph (105 km/h).
[edit] Tropical Depression 50W
Tropical Depression 50W formed on December 5, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day. The location of this depression is unknown. 50W was tied for the shortest living system of the season with 23W, 28W and 31W.
[edit] Super Typhoon Opal
A tropical wave formed off the coast of Kusaie on December 8. The wave strengthened and was declared Tropical Depression 51W near Chuuk late the same day. 51W quickly strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name Opal. Rapid strengthening occurred and Opal was a typhoon by the next day near Chuuk. Opal strengthened again into a super typhoon the next day, reaching its peak intensity of 195 mph (314 km/h) winds and a minimum pressure of 903 mbar. Opal grazed the Philippines as a Category 5 super typhoon on the 13th. Opal quickly weakened and dissipated near Hong Kong on the 16th.
[edit] Tropical Depression 52W
Tropical Depression formed near the International Date Line on December 10. The depression moved to the west and soon made a curve to south. 52W dissipated on December 12 near the island of Nauru.
[edit] 1964 storm names
The name Tilda was removed from the list after this year.
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[edit] References
- ^ NOAA/NGDC - Earth Observation Group - Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Boulder
- ^ 1964 Summary of Tropical Cyclones (JTWC)
- ^ Tess Report
- ^ Viola Report
- ^ Winnie Report
- ^ Alice Report
- ^ Betty Report
- ^ Cora Report
- ^ Doris Report
- ^ Elsie Report
- ^ Flossie Report
- ^ Helen Report
- ^ Ida Report
- ^ JTWC Summary Report Chapter 4
