17th United States Congress - State Delegations

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Members 2.1 Alabama 2.2 Connecticut 2.3 Delaware 2.4 Georgia 2.5 Illinois 2.6 Indiana 2.7 Kentucky 2.8 Louisiana 2.9 Maine 2.10 Maryland 2.11 Massachusetts 2.12 Mississippi 2.13 Missouri 2.14 New Hampshire 2.15 New Jersey 2.16 New York 2.17 North Carolina 2.18 Ohio 2.19 Pennsylvania 2.20 Rhode Island 2.21 South Carolina 2.22 Tennessee 2.23 Vermont 2.24 Virginia 2.25 Delegates 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links

The Seventeenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1821 to March 3, 1823, during the first two years of the second administration of U.S. President James Monroe.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

This article supplements the main article with a list of the members by state delegation.

Main article: 17th United States Congress

See also: 17th United States Congress - Membership Changes

See also: 17th United States Congress - political parties

See also: United States House elections, 1820

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1821 - March 3, 1823

• First session: December 3, 1821 - May 8, 1822
• Second session: December 2, 1822 - March 3, 1823 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 16th Congress
Next congress: 18th Congress

[edit] Members

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

[edit] Alabama

Senate

• 3: John W. Walker (1783-1823), Democratic-Republican …resigned December 12, 1822.

  William Kelly (1786-1834), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, December 12, 1822.

• 2: William R. King (1786-1853), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Gabriel Moore (1785-1845), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Connecticut

Senate

• 3: James Lanman (1767-1841), Democratic-Republican
• 1: Elijah Boardman (1760-1823), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (7 seats) ^[1]

• A/L: Noyes Barber (1781-1844), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Daniel Burrows (1766-1858), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Henry W. Edwards (1779-1847), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: John Russ (1767-1833), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Ansel Sterling (1782-1853), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Ebenezer Stoddard (1785-1847), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Gideon Tomlinson (1780-1854), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Delaware

Senate

• 2: Nicholas Van Dyke (1770-1826), Federalist
• 1: Caesar A. Rodney (1772-1824), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, January 10, 1822, resigned January 29, 1823.

House of Representatives (2 seats) ^[2]

• A/L: Louis McLane (1786-1857), Federalist
• A/L: Caesar A. Rodney (1772-1824), Democratic-Republican …resigned January 24, 1822.

  Daniel Rodney (1764-1846), Federalist …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1822.

[edit] Georgia

Senate

• 3: John Elliott (1773-1827), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Freeman Walker (1780-1827), Democratic-Republican …resigned August 8, 1821.

  Nicholas Ware (1769-1824), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, November 10, 1821.

House of Representatives (6 seats) ^[3]

• A/L: Joel Abbott (1776-1826), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Alfred Cuthbert (1785-1856), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: George R. Gilmer (1790-1859), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Robert R. Reid (1789-1841), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Edward F. Tattnall (1788-1832), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Wiley Thompson (1781-1835), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Illinois

Senate

• 2: Jesse B. Thomas (1777-1853), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Ninian Edwards (1775-1833), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Daniel P. Cook (1794-1827), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Indiana

Senate

• 1: James Noble (1785-1831), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Waller Taylor (1786-1826), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: William Hendricks (1782-1850), Democratic-Republican …resigned July 25, 1822.

  Jonathan Jennings (1784-1834), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1822.

[edit] Kentucky

Senate

• 2: Richard M. Johnson (1780-1850), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Isham Talbot (1773-1837), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (10 seats)

• 1: David Trimble (1782-1842), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Samuel H. Woodson (1777-1827), Democratic-Republican
• 3: John T. Johnson (1788-1856), Democratic-Republican
• 4: Thomas Metcalfe (1780-1855), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Anthony New (1747-1833), Democratic-Republican
• 6: Francis Johnson (1776-1842), Democratic-Republican
• 7: George Robertson (1790-1874), Democratic-Republican …resigned before Congress assembled.

  John S. Smith (1792-1854), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1821.

• 8: Wingfield Bullock ( -1821), Democratic-Republican …died October 13, 1821, before Congress assembled.

  James D. Breckinridge ( -1849), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 2, 1822.

• 9: Thomas Montgomery (1779-1828), Democratic-Republican
• 10: Benjamin Hardin (1784-1852), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Louisiana

Senate

• 2: Henry Johnson (1783-1864), Democratic-Republican
• 3: James Brown (1766-1835), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Josiah S. Johnston (1784-1833), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Maine

Senate

• 2: John Chandler (1762-1841), Democratic-Republican
• 1: John Holmes (1773-1843), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Joseph Dane (1778-1858), Federalist
• 2: Ezekiel Whitman (1776-1866), Federalist …resigned June 1, 1822.

  Mark Harris (1779-1843), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1822.

• 3: Mark L. Hill (1772-1842), Democratic-Republican
• 4: William D. Williamson (1779-1846), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Ebenezer Herrick (1785-1839), Democratic-Republican
• 6: Joshua Cushman (1761-1834), Democratic-Republican
• 7: Enoch Lincoln (1788-1829), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Maryland

Senate

• 3: Edward Lloyd (1779-1834), Democratic-Republican
• 1: William Pinkney (1764-1822), Democratic-Republican …died February 25, 1822.

  Samuel Smith (1752-1839), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, December 16, 1822.

House of Representatives (9 seats) ^[4]

• 1: Raphael Neale ( -1833), Federalist
• 2: Joseph Kent (1779-1837), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Henry R. Warfield (1774-1839), Federalist
• 4: John Nelson (1791-1860), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Peter Little (1775-1830), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Samuel Smith (1752-1839), Democratic-Republican …resigned December 17, 1822, before Congress assembled.

  Isaac McKim (1775-1838), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 8, 1823.

• 6: Jeremiah Cosden (1768-1824), Democratic-Republican …contested election, served until March 19, 1822.

  Philip Reed (1760-1829), Democratic-Republican …contested election, seated March 19, 1822.

• 7: Robert Wright (1752-1826), Democratic-Republican
• 8: Thomas Bayly (1775-1829), Federalist

[edit] Massachusetts

Senate

• 2: Harrison Gray Otis (1765-1848), Federalist …resigned May 30, 1822.

  James Lloyd (1769-1831), Federalist …elected to fill vacancy, June 5, 1822.

• 1: Elijah H. Mills (1776-1829), Federalist

House of Representatives (20 seats)

• 1: Benjamin Gorham (1775-1855), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Gideon Barstow (1783-1852), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Jeremiah Nelson (1769-1838), Federalist
• 4: Timothy Fuller (1778-1835), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Samuel Lathrop (1772-1846), Federalist
• 6: Samuel C. Allen (1772-1842), Federalist
• 7: Henry W. Dwight (1788-1845), Federalist
• 8: Aaron Hobart (1787-1858), Democratic-Republican
• 9: John Reed, Jr. (1781-1860), Federalist
• 10: Francis Baylies (1783-1852), Federalist
• 11: Jonathan Russell (1771-1832), Democratic-Republican
• 12: Lewis Bigelow (1785-1838), Federalist
• 13: William Eustis (1753-1825), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Mississippi

Senate

• 2: Thomas H. Williams (1780-1840), Democratic-Republican
• 1: David Holmes (1769-1832), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: Christopher Rankin (1788-1826), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Missouri

Senate

• 3: David Barton (1783-1837), Democratic-Republican …newly admitted state, elected August 10, 1821.
• 1: Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), Democratic-Republican …newly admitted state, elected August 10, 1821.

House of Representatives (1 seat)

• A/L: John Scott (1785-1861), Democratic-Republican …newly admitted state, seated December 3, 1821.

[edit] New Hampshire

Senate

• 2: David L. Morril (1772-1849), Democratic-Republican
• 3: John F. Parrott (1767-1836), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats) ^[5]

• A/L: Josiah Butler (1779-1854), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Matthew Harvey (1781-1866), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Aaron Matson (1770-1855), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: William Plumer, Jr. (1789-1854), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Nathaniel Upham (1774-1829), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Thomas Whipple, Jr. (1787-1835), Democratic-Republican

[edit] New Jersey

Senate

• 2: Mahlon Dickerson (1770-1853), Democratic-Republican
• 1: Samuel L. Southard (1787-1842), Democratic-Republican …resigned March 3, 1823.

House of Representatives (6 seats) ^[6]

• A/L: Ephraim Bateman (1780-1829), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: George Cassedy (1783-1842), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Lewis Condict (1772-1862), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: George Holcombe (1786-1828), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: James Matlack (1775-1840), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Samuel Swan (1771-1844), Democratic-Republican

[edit] New York

Senate

• 3: Rufus King (1755-1827), Federalist
• 1: Martin Van Buren (1782-1862), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (27 seats) ^[7]

• 1: Peter Sharpe (1777-1842), Democratic-Republican …contested election, never qualified.

  Cadwallader D. Colden (1769-1834), Federalist …contested election, seated December 12, 1821.

• 1: Silas Wood (1769-1847), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Churchill C. Cambreleng (1786-1862), Democratic-Republican
• 2: John J. Morgan (1770-1849), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Jeremiah H. Pierson (1766-1855), Democratic-Republican
• 4: William W. Van Wyck (1777-1840), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Walter Patterson ( - ), Federalist
• 6: Selah Tuthill (1771-1821), Democratic-Republican …died September 7, 1821, before Congress assembled.

  Charles Borland, Jr. (1786-1852), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1821.

• 7: Charles H. Ruggles (1789-1865), Federalist
• 8: Richard McCarty (1780-1844), Democratic-Republican
• 9: Solomon Van Rensselaer (1774-1852), Federalist …resigned January 14, 1822.

  Stephen Van Rensselaer (1764-1839), Federalist …elected to fill vacancy, seated March 12, 1822.

• 10: John D. Dickinson (1767-1841), Federalist
• 11: John W. Taylor (1784-1854), Democratic-Republican
• 12: Nathaniel Pitcher (1777-1836), Democratic-Republican
• 12: Reuben H. Walworth (1788-1867), Democratic-Republican
• 13: John Gebhard (1782-1854), Federalist
• 14: Alfred Conkling (1789-1874), Democratic-Republican
• 15: Samuel Campbell (1773-1853), Democratic-Republican
• 15: James Hawkes (1776-1865), Democratic-Republican
• 16: Joseph Kirkland (1770-1844), Federalist
• 17: Thomas H. Hubbard (1781-1857), Democratic-Republican
• 18: Micah Sterling (1784-1844), Federalist
• 19: Elisha Litchfield (1785-1859), Democratic-Republican
• 20: William B. Rochester (1789-1838), Democratic-Republican
• 20: David Woodcock (1785-1835), Democratic-Republican
• 21: Elijah Spencer (1775-1852), Democratic-Republican
• 22: Albert H. Tracy (1793-1859), Democratic-Republican

[edit] North Carolina

Senate

• 3: Nathaniel Macon (1757-1837), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Montfort Stokes (1762-1842), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (13 seats)

• 1: Lemuel Sawyer (1777-1852), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Hutchins G. Burton (1782-1836), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Thomas H. Hall (1773-1853), Democratic-Republican
• 4: William S. Blackledge (1793-1857), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Charles Hooks (1768-1843), Democratic-Republican
• 6: Weldon N. Edwards (1788-1873), Democratic-Republican
• 7: Archibald McNeill (??-1849), Federalist
• 8: Josiah Crudup (1791-1872), Democratic-Republican
• 9: Romulus M. Saunders (1791-1867), Democratic-Republican
• 10: John Long (1785-1857), Democratic-Republican
• 11: Henry W. Connor (1793-1866), Democratic-Republican
• 12: Felix Walker (1753-1828), Democratic-Republican
• 13: Lewis Williams (1782-1842), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Ohio

Senate

• 1: Benjamin Ruggles (1783-1857), Democratic-Republican
• 3: William A. Trimble (1786-1821), Democratic-Republican …died December 13, 1821.

  Ethan Allen Brown (1776-1852), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, January 3, 1822.

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: Thomas R. Ross (1788-1869), Democratic-Republican
• 2: John W. Campbell (1782-1833), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Levi Barber (1777-1833), Democratic-Republican
• 4: John C. Wright (1783-1861), Democratic-Republican …resigned before Congress assembled.

  David Chambers (1780-1864), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1821.

• 5: Joseph Vance (1786-1852), Democratic-Republican …sometimes named John Vance, probably in error.
• 6: John Sloane (1779-1856), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Pennsylvania

Senate

• 3: Walter Lowrie (1784-1868), Democratic-Republican
• 1: William Findlay (1768-1846), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, December 10, 1821.

House of Representatives (23 seats) ^[8]

• 1: Samuel Edwards (1785-1850), Federalist
• 1: Joseph Hemphill (1770-1842), Federalist
• 1: William Milnor (1769-1848), Federalist …resigned May 8, 1822.

  Thomas Forrest (1747-1825), Federalist …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1822.

• 1: John Sergeant (1779-1852), Federalist
• 2: William Darlington (1782-1863), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Samuel Gross (1776-1839), Democratic-Republican
• 3: James Buchanan (1791-1868), Federalist
• 3: John Phillips ( - ), Federalist
• 4: James S. Mitchell (1784-1844), Democratic-Republican
• 5: James Duncan (1756-1844), Democratic-Republican …resigned before Congress assembled.

  John Findlay (1766-1838), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 12, 1821.

• 5: James McSherry (1776-1849), Federalist
• 6: Samuel Moore (1774-1861), Democratic-Republican …resigned May 20, 1822.

  Samuel D. Ingham (1779-1860), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1822.

• 6: Thomas J. Rogers (1781-1832), Democratic-Republican
• 7: Ludwig Worman (1761-1822), Federalist …died October 17, 1822.

  Daniel Udree (1751-1828), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 23, 1822.

• 8: John Tod (1779-1830), Democratic-Republican
• 9: John Brown (1772-1845), Democratic-Republican
• 10: George Denison (1790-1831), Democratic-Republican
• 10: William Cox Ellis (1787-1871), Democratic-Republican …resigned before Congress assembled.

  Thomas Murray, Jr. (1770-1823), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 12, 1821.

• 11: George Plumer (1762-1843), Democratic-Republican
• 12: Thomas Patterson (1764-1841), Democratic-Republican
• 13: Andrew Stewart (1791-1872), Democratic-Republican
• 14: Henry Baldwin (1780-1844), Democratic-Republican …resigned May 8, 1822.

  Walter Forward (1786-1852), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1822.

• 15: Patrick Farrelly (1770-1826), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Rhode Island

Senate

• 2: Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854), Democratic-Republican
• 1: James De Wolf (1764-1837), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (2 seats) ^[9]

• A/L: Job Durfee (1790-1847), Democratic-Republican
• A/L: Samuel Eddy (1769-1839), Democratic-Republican

[edit] South Carolina

Senate

• 3: John Gaillard (1765-1826), Democratic-Republican
• 2: William Smith (1762-1840), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (9 seats)

• 1: Joel R. Poinsett (1779-1851), Democratic-Republican
• 2: William Lowndes (1782-1822), Democratic-Republican …resigned May 8, 1822.

  James Hamilton, Jr. (1786-1857), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 6, 1823.

• 3: Thomas R. Mitchell (1783-1837), Democratic-Republican
• 4: James Overstreet (1773-1822), Democratic-Republican …died May 24, 1822.

  Andrew R. Govan (1794-1841), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1822.

• 5: Starling Tucker (1770-1834), Democratic-Republican
• 6: George McDuffie (1790-1851), Democratic-Republican
• 7: John Wilson (1773-1828), Democratic-Republican
• 8: Joseph Gist (1775-1836), Democratic-Republican
• 9: James Blair (1790c-1834), Democratic-Republican …resigned May 8, 1822.

  John Carter (1792-1850), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 11, 1822.

[edit] Tennessee

Senate

• 2: John Williams (1778-1837), Democratic-Republican
• 1: John H. Eaton (1790-1856), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy in class, September 26, 1821.

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: John Rhea (1753-1832), Democratic-Republican
• 2: John Cocke (1772-1854), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Francis Jones ( - ), Democratic-Republican
• 4: Robert Allen (1778-1844), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Newton Cannon (1781-1841), Democratic-Republican
• 6: Henry H. Bryan (1786-1835), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Vermont

Senate

• 3: William A. Palmer (1781-1860), Democratic-Republican
• 1: Horatio Seymour (1778-1857), Democratic-Republican

House of Representatives (6 seats)

• 1: Rollin C. Mallary (1784-1831), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Phineas White (1770-1847), Democratic-Republican
• 3: Charles Rich (1771-1824), Democratic-Republican
• 4: Elias Keyes (1758-1844), Democratic-Republican
• 5: Samuel C. Crafts (1768-1853), Democratic-Republican
• 6: John Mattocks (1777-1847), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Virginia

Senate

• 1: James Barbour (1775-1842), Democratic-Republican
• 2: James Pleasants (1769-1836), Democratic-Republican …resigned December 15, 1822.

  John Taylor (1753-1824), Democratic-Republican …elected to fill vacancy, December 18, 1822.

House of Representatives (23 seats)

• 1: Edward B. Jackson (1793-1826), Democratic-Republican
• 2: Thomas Van Swearingen (1784-1822), Federalist …died August 19, 1822.

  James Stephenson (1764-1833), Federalist …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1822.

• 3: Jared Williams (1766-1831), Democratic-Republican
• 4: William McCoy ( -1864), Democratic-Republican
• 5: John Floyd (1783-1837), Democratic-Republican
• 6: Alexander Smyth (1765-1830), Democratic-Republican
• 7: William Smith ( - ), Democratic-Republican
• 8: Charles F. Mercer (1778-1858), Federalist
• 9: William Lee Ball (1781-1824), Democratic-Republican
• 10: Thomas L. Moore ( -1862), Democratic-Republican
• 11: Philip P. Barbour (1783-1841), Democratic-Republican
• 12: Robert S. Garnett (1789-1840), Democratic-Republican
• 13: Burwell Bassett (1764-1841), Democratic-Republican
• 14: Jabez Leftwich (1765-1855), Democratic-Republican
• 15: George Tucker (1775-1861), Democratic-Republican
• 16: John Randolph (1773-1833), Democratic-Republican
• 17: William S. Archer (1789-1855), Democratic-Republican
• 18: Mark Alexander (1792-1883), Democratic-Republican
• 19: James Jones (1772-1848), Democratic-Republican
• 20: Arthur Smith (1785-1853), Democratic-Republican
• 21: Thomas Newton, Jr. (1768-1847), Democratic-Republican
• 22: Hugh Nelson (1768-1836), Democratic-Republican …resigned January 14, 1823.
• 23: Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857), Democratic-Republican

[edit] Delegates

Arkansas Territory

• A/L: James W. Bates (1788-1846)

Florida Territory

• A/L: Joseph M. Hernández (1793-1857), …seated January 3, 1823.

Michigan Territory

• A/L: Solomon Sibley (1769-1846)

[edit] Notes

1. ^ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
2. ^ Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
3. ^ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
4. ^ The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
5. ^ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
6. ^ All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
7. ^ There were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives:
8. ^ There were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives.
9. ^ Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists

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