14th century AH

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

14th century AH is a period in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 1883 – 1980 CE.

{{yearbox| | width = 500 | in?= | cp=13th century AH | c=14th century AH | cf=15th century AH

The Islamic calendar consists of 12 months of 29 or 30 days, corresponding to the phases of the moon rather than 1/12 of a solar year. A year begins with the 1st day of Muharram and ending with the 30th day of Dhu al-Hijjah. Because the year is 354 days in length, the year and the months do not correspond exactly to the common era (CE) calendar. The months are *(1) Muharram (2) Safar (3) Rabi' al-awwal (Rabi I) (4) Rabi' al-thani (Rabi II) (5) Jumada al-awwal (Jumada I) (6) Jumada al-thani (Jumada II) (7) Rajab (8) Sha'aban (9) Ramadan (10) Shawwal (11) Dhu al-Qi'dah and (12) Dhu al-Hijjah.

Contents

[edit] 1301-1309 (Nov. 1, 1883- Jul. 25, 1892 CE)

  • 1301 (11/1/1883-10/84) The 14th Century A.H. begins on November 1, 1883 CE; Death of Amir Abdul Qadir in Damascus. On 5 Muharram (11/5/83), the Mahdi Muhammad Ahmed defeats British General William Hicks in the Battle of El Obeid and takes control of the Sudan.
  • 1302 (10/20/1884-10/85) 9 Rabi II (1/26/85) The Mahdi captures Khartoum, after a siege of ten months, killing 7,000 Egyptian and Sudanese defenders under British command. The British Governor, General Charles George Gordon, is beheaded. The Mahdi dies five months later on 8 Ramadan (6/21). 3 Dhu al-Qi'dah (8/14) German fleet attacks Zanzibar
  • 1303 (10/10/1885-9/86)
  • 1304 (9/29/1886- 9/87
  • 1305 (9/19/1887- 9/88) 13 Rajab Sayyid Khalifa becomes Sultan of Zanzibar (3/26/88)
  • 1306 (9/8/1888 - 8/89)
  • 1307 (8/28/1889- 8/90) 19 Safar King Mwanga of Uganda defeats Moslem rebels (10/4); 26 Shawwal Britain assumes protectorate over Zanzibar (6/14)
  • 1308 (8/17/1890- 8/91)
  • 1309 (8/6/1891 - 7/92) 18 Shawwal Arab armies in Belgian Congo clash with colonial forces led by Baron Dhanis.

[edit] 1310-1319 (Jul. 25, 1892- Apr. 9, 1902)

  • 1310 (7/25/1892- 7/15/93) 5 Shawwal (4/22) Belgian armies under Baron Dhanis capture Kasongo, drives Muslims out of Belgian Congo (Zaire).
  • 1311 (7/16/1893- 7/4/94) 7 Jumada II (12/16) French troops take Timbuktu
  • 1312 (7/5/1894-6/23/95): Afghanistan gets Wakhan Corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan border touch China. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed prophethood.
  • 1313 (6/24/1895- 6/12/96) 12 Rabi II In Constantinople (Istanbul), Armenian uprising is crushed with massacre (10/1)
  • 1314 (6/13/1896- 6/1/1897): 3 Dhu al-qi'dah Zanzibar abolishes slavery. On 14 Dhu al-qi'dah Greece invades Turkey, beginning five month long war (4/17)
  • 1315 (6/2/1897- 5/21/98): 20 Rabi II (9/18) Turkish-Greek war ends with Ottoman triumph
  • 1316 (5/22/1898- 5/10/99): 15 Rabi II (9/2) The British reconquest of the Sudan is completed at the Battle of Omdurman as 8,000 British troops and 17,000 Egyptian and Sudanese forces under the command of Sir Horatio Kitchener overrun 50,000 defenders commanded by the Khalifa, Abdullah al-Taashi and retake Khartoum. 12 Jumada II Kaiser Wilhelm II tours Jerusalem, proclaims Germany's friendship with 300,000,000 Muslims.
  • 1317 (5/11/1899-4/30/1900):
  • 1318 (5/1/1900-4/19/01): On 10 Ramadan, the 20th Century common era (01/01/1901) begins.
  • 1319 (4/20/1901-4/9/02):5 ShawwalAbd al-Aziz Ibn Saud captures Riyadh (1/15). 4 Rabi II France takes control of Morocco (7/20).

[edit] 1320-1329 (April 10, 1902- Dec. 21, 1911)

  • 1320 (4/10/1902-3/29/03): Birth of Ruhollah Khomeini, The leader of Islamic revolution and the founder of Islamic Republic of Iran.
  • 1321 (3/30/1903- 3/18/04)
  • 1322 (3/19/1904-3/7/05): 23 Rajab (10/3) Morocco becomes a protectorate of France and Spain receives Ceuta following the treaty signed at the Algeciras Conference. 28 Dhu al-Qidah (2/3) Kaiser Wilhelm II visits the Sultan at Tangier, precipitating the Moroccan Crisis
  • 1323 (3/8/1905-2/24/06): The beginning of the Salafiyyah movement in Paris with its main sphere of influence in Egypt.
  • 1324 (2/25/1906-2/13/07): 9 Rabi I (5/3) Britain delivers an ultimatum to Egypt concerning the Sinai Peninsula 18 Shaban (10/7) The Majlis meets at Tehran, and a new constitution is adopted providing for a parliament in Persia. The beginning of the Young Turks movement in Turkey.
  • 1325 (2/14/1907-2/3/08) 24 Jumada II France attacks Moroccan capital of Casablanca (8/4) 9 Dhu al-Qidah (12/15) In Persia, Shah Mohammed Ali orders the arrest of the prime minister
  • 1326 (2/4/1908 - 1/22/09) 23 Jumada I (6/23) Shah of Persia asks for Russian armies to protec the throne; 25 Jumada II (7/24) Ottoman Constitution restored by Sultan Abdul Hamid II; 25 Rajab (8/23) The Mulai Hafid defeats Sultan Abdul Aziz of Morocco at Battle of Marrakesh 9 Ramadan Bulgaria becomes independent of Ottoman Empire (10/5); 23 Dhu al-Qidah Parliament convened in Constantinople (12/17)
  • 1327 (1/23/1909 - 1/12/10) 4 Rabi I (3/26) Russian Army captures Tabriz in Iran. On 22 Rabi I (4/13) Ottoman First Army revolts at Constantinople; 13 days later, 5 Rabi II Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II deposed by Parliament (4/26). 24 Jumada II Persian Shah Mohammed Ali deposed by Ali Khuli Khan of Bakhtiar (7/12)
  • 1328 (1/13/1910 - 1/1/11)
  • 1329 (1/2/1911 - 12/21/11) 13 Jumada I (5/12) American financier W. Morgan Shuster is called in to administer Persia's treasury, over objections of Russia. 6 Shawal Tripolitanian War begins after Italy invades Libyan Ottoman territory (9/29); 13 Dhu al-Qiddah Tripoli captured (11/5)

[edit] 1330-1339 (Dec. 22, 1911- Sep. 3, 1921)

  • 1330 (12/22/1911-12/9/1912): The beginning of the Muhammadiyyah reform movement in Indonesia.
  • 1331 (12/10/1912- 11/28/1913)
  • 1332 (11/29/1913-11/18/1914): World War I begins on 5 Ramadan (7/28/14). On 13 Dhu al-Hijjah (11/2) the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed V, enters the war as one of the Central Powers, allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary. With the Ottomans at war, Arab nationalist societies are formed in secret.
  • 1333 (11/19/1914-11/8/1915): On 1 Safar, Britain overthrows the Egyptian khedive, Abbas II and declares a protectorate over Egypt (12/18/14)
  • 1334 (11/9/1915-10/27/1916): Arab revolt against Ottoman (Turkish) rule. Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hejaz Railway.
  • 1335 (10/28/1916-10/16/1917):
  • 1336 (10/17/1917-10/6/1918): 17 Muharram (11/2) Britain issues the Balfour Declaration pledging British support for the creation of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. 22 Muharram (11/7/17), the Bolshevik Revolution begins, eventually bringing Moslems in Central Asia under Communist control. 24 Safar The British capture Jerusalem (12/9) On 29 Dhu al-Hijjah French armies capture Beirut (10/5)
  • 1337 (10/7/1918-9/25/1919): After losing virtually their entire empire, the Ottomans capitulate on 13 Muharram (10/19/18) and sign the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies on 24 Muharram. World War I ends on 7 Safar (11/18). Syria becomes a French protectorate. 4 Rabi I The Allied Powers begin the occupation of the Ottoman capital at Constantinople (12/8) 3 Jumada I France grants full citizenship to all Algerian subjects who had served in the War (2/4) 5 Jumada II Egyptian nationalists led by Saad Zaghlul are defeated by the British (3/8) 16 Shabban Tripolitania and Cyernacia are made colonies in North Africa (5/17). On 18 Shabban Mustapha Kemal arrives in Turkey (5/19) 4 Shawwal Nationalists in Damascus petition for independence Syria (7/2)
  • 1338 (9/26/1919-9/13/1920): Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI signs the Treaty of Sèvres, reducing the Empire to a fraction of its previous size and allowing for the indefinite presence of Allied forces in Turkey. The treaty is rejected by nationalist leaders, who vow to block its implementation. Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Khiva conquered by Bolshevik Russia. 6 Shabaan Control of Palestine and Jordan is granted to Britain (4/25) 20 Jumada II Faisal is proclaimed King of Syria (3/11) but French armies capture Damascus on 9 Dhu al-Qi'dah (7/25) 25 Jumada II General Milne captures Constantinople (3/16) and 4 Shabaan Mustapha Kemal is proclaimed President by the nationalists (4/23)
  • 1339 (9/14/1920-9/3/1921): 22 Shabaan Arab residents of Palestine riot in protest over Jewish acquisition of land (5/1) On 15 Dhu al-Qi'dah Abd al-Karim, who declared war against colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, defeats General Silvestre at the Battle of Amal (7/21). (--) Abdullah I of Jordan in made King of Transjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. Faisal I of Iraq is made King of Iraq. His father was the Sharif of Mecca.

[edit] 1340-1349 (Sep. 4, 1921- May 18, 1931)

  • 1340 (9/4/1921- 8/23/1922): 1 Rabi I Turkish nationalists under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal seize control of Turkey and abolish the Ottoman Sultanate, prompting Sultan Mehmed VI to flee Turkey; the 600 year-old Ottoman Empire officially ceases to exist (11/1). 19 Rabi IAbdul Mejid becomes the last Caliph (11/18). 1 Rajab Egypt becomes independent under King Fuad I (2/28) 22 Shawwal Mahmud leads Kurdish revolt in Iraq (6/18) 25 Dhu al-Qi'dah Marshal Badoglio leads Italian troops against the Abd el-Karim's Riffs in Libya (7/21)
  • 1341 (8/24/1922- 8/13/1923): 11 Rabi I The Sultanate is abolished in Turkey (11/1), 28 Rabi I Abudl Mejid is named Caliph (11/18) 13 Rabi II King Ibn Saud of the Hejaz and King Faisal I of Iraq, conclude the first treaty between Arab nations (12/2). 22 Shaban In Afghanistan, Emir Amanullah proclaims fundamental law (4/9) 12 Shawwal Transjordania, later Jordan, gains independence from Britain under Emir Abdullah (5/28).
  • 1342 (8/14/1923- 8/1/1924): 18 Rabi I Mustafa Kemal secures Allied recognition of Turkey's independence in the Treaty of Lausanne and subsequently declares the Republic of Turkey. The Turkish capital is officially shifted to Ankara (10/29) On 28 Rajab (3/3), the Caliphate is abolished by Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Turkey. 16 Dhu al-Hijjah The Kurdish revolt in Iraq ends (7/19)
  • 1343 (8/2/1924- 7/21/1925): 4 Rabi I Sultan Hussein of Najd abdicates in favor of his son, Ali, in an effort to make peace with Ibn Saud's invading armies (10/3); Ten days later, on 14 Rabi King Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud of the Hejaz captures Mecca (10/13). 22 Rabi II Sir Lee Stack, the Governor General of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, is assassinated in Khartoum (11/20) 5 Jumada II Syria becomes an independent nation under the rule of General Sarrael (1/1/25). (19 Rajab) Reza Khan is proclaimed as Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran (2/13). 19 Ramadan Abd el-Krim leads Riffs against French Morocco (4/13) 26 Dhu al-Hijjah the Druze Rebellion begins under Sultan Pasha.
  • 1344 (7/22/1925- 7/10/1926): 25 Rabi I Rebellion breaks out in Damascus (10/14) 18 Jumada I Medina is captured by Ibn Saud (12/5); 7 Jumada II Jiddah is captured by Ibn Saud and Sultan Ali of Najd is deposed (12/23). On 23 Jumada II, Ibn Saud proclaims the union of the Kingdom of Hejaz and the Sultanate of Najd (1/8). 23 Shawwal Abd el-Krim surrenders to General Petain at Targuist (5/6) 11 Dhu al-Qi'dah The independence of Lebanon is proclaimed (5/23).
  • 1345 (7/11/1926- 6/30/1927): 4 Rajab ibn Saud proclaims the independence of the Kingdom of Hejaz and the Najd (1/8) 5 Ramadan Libyan independence is revoked (3/9/27).
  • 1346 (7/1/1927- 6/18/1928): 25 Safar Death of Saad Zaghlul, an Egyptian nationalist leader (8/23) 22 Jumada I' Sultan Mulai Yusuf of Morocco dies and is succeeded by Sidi Mohammed III (11/17). 19 Jumada II The Kingdom of Iraq becomes independent under King Faisal I(12/14) 28 Shaban Transjordania becomes independent under King Abdullah I (2/20/28). In the month of Shawwal (March 1928), Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist movement dedicated to social, political, and moral reform in Egypt. The movement would later spread to other Arab nations and to Pakistan. On 18 Shawwal, Turkey is declared a secular state and Islam is no longer the official religion (4/9/28) .
  • 1347 (6/19/1928- 6/8/1929) 20 Jumada I Turkey ceases official use of the Arabic writing in favor of the Roman alphabet (11/3) 6 Shaban Afghan rebel leader Habibullah Ghazi captures Kabul and is declared King of Afghanistan (1/17)
  • 1348 (6/9/1929- 5/29/1930) 27 Safar Saudi Arabia signs treaty with Turkey (8/3). On 5 Rabi Iraq and Iran sign treaties (8/11). Iran signs a treaty with Saudi Rabia on 18 Rabi (8/24). 5 Jumada In Afghanistan, Mohammed Nadir Khan captures Kabul and becomes King (10/8) Former monarch Habibullah Ghazi is executed five days later on 10 Jumada (10/13). In the West, the Great Depression begins with the fall of the American stock market on "Black Tuesday" on 21 Jumada (10/24). 25 Ramadan Iraq joins Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Iran in Pan-Arab treaty (2/24/30). 18 Dhu al-Hijjah In Palestine, Jewish immigration is curtailed by British Governor John Chancellor (5/17) 23 Dhu al-Hijjah French High Commissioner Henri Ponsot introduces a constitution for an Lebanon (5/22).
  • 1349 (5/30/1930- 5/18/1931) 29 Jumada I Egypt adopts a new constitution (10/22/30)

[edit] 1350-1359 (May 19, 1931- Jan. 28, 1941)

  • 1350 (May 19, 1931 - May 6, 1932):
  • 1351 (May 7, 1932 - Apr 25, 1933) 21 Jumada I Hejaz and Najd renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 12 Jumada II Iraq granted independence by League of Nations (10/13).
  • 1352 (Apr 26, 1933 - Apr 14, 1934): 17 Jumada I King Faisal I of Iraq dies and is succeeded by King Ghazi (9/8) 19 Rajab King Mohammed Nadir Shah of Afghanistan is assassinated (11/8), and is succeeded by Mohammed Zahir Shah 26 Shawwal Forty year Treaty of Taif is signed between King Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud and Imam Yahya of the Yemen (2/11), and disputed territory of Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia.
  • 1353 (Apr 15, 1934 - Apr 4, 1935): 16 Dhu al-Hijjah The Kingdom of Persia changes its name to Iran (3/21). 13 Rabi II The Mosul Pipeline opens (7/14)
  • 1354 (Apr 5, 1935 - Mar 24, 1936):
  • 1355 (Mar 25, 1936 - Mar 13, 1937) 9 Muharram Saudi Arabia and Iraq sign non-aggression pact (4/2). 26 Muharram Increased Jewish immigration leads to an Arab revolt in Palestine in the Great Uprising (4/19). 6 Safar Farouk becomes King of Egypt (4/28) 5 Rabi I Anglo-Egyptian Treaty signed (5/26) 28 Rabi II In Morocco, Spanish troops under Francisco Franco revolt, triggering Spanish Civil War (7/18)
  • 1356 (Mar 14, 1937 - Mar 3, 1938) Muharram 5 In Tripoli, Benito Mussolini is proclaimed as the "Protector of Islam" by Governor-General Italo Balbo (3/18) 30 Rabi II Turkey, Iraq and Iran sign the "Oriental Entente" nonagression pact (7/9) 3 Rajab The Peel Commission proposal on the division of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states is rejected by the Arab League (9/8) 21 Rajab British Commissioner Yelland Andrews is assassinated in Galilee (9/26)

11 Shaban Grand Mufti Hajj Amin of Jerusalem is forced to flee as British arrest Arab High Committee members (10/16) 30 Dhu al-Hijjah Oil is discovered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (3/3/38)

  • 1357 (Mar 4, 1938 - Feb 20, 1939) 8 Shaban Arab fighters in Palestine take control of Jerusalem and Bethlehem (10/2) 21 Shaban Italy and Yemen sign fifteen year treaty (10/15) (Feb) Jews and Arabs meet at Palestine Conference in London
  • 1358 (Feb 21, 1939 - Feb 9, 1940): 14 Safar King Ghazi of Iraq is killed in an auto accident (4/4). 3 Rabi II British Parliament approves plan for division of Palestine (5/23). World War II begins on 16 Rajab (9/1/39).
  • 1359 (Feb 10, 1940 - Jan 28, 1941):

[edit] 1360-1369 (Jan. 29, 1941- Oct. 12, 1950)

  • 1360 (1/29/1941 - 1/17/1942 ): 26 Jumada I Germany invades the Soviet Union, bringing that nation into World War II on the side of the Allies. 3 Shaban (8/26) In what will become Pakistan, Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi founds Jamaat-e-Islami, the Muslim Brotherhood's British India counterpart. 24 Shaban Out of concern that Iran is preparing to become the oil supplier to the Axis Powers, British and Soviet forces invade and force Reza Shah to abdicate in favor of his son Mohammad Reza Shah. 18 Dhu al-Qi'dah (12/7/41) Japan begins a war in the Pacific and invades the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) on (1/10/42) ; the United States enters the Second World War.
  • 1361 (1/18/1942-1/7/1943) General Rommel leads the Afrika Corps in the Battle of Tobruk against Allied forces under Montgomery and Patton (6/21); French General Darlan is assassinated in Algeria (12/24)
  • 1362 (1/8/1943-12/28/1943) 7 Muharram The Allied leaders (Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin) meet at Casablanca in Morocco (1/14). 10 Muharram (1/17) Iraq enters the Second World War as one of the Allied powers, declaring war on Germany. North Africa is recaptured by the Allied forces (5/12), and Libya is liberated from Italian control. On 9 Ramadan (Sept 9, the 9th day of the 9th month on both calendars), Iran joins the Allies.
  • 1363 (12/29/1943-12/16/1944) 1 Safar (1/27) Lebanon joins the Allies. On D-Day (6/6), the greatest invasion in history brings the Allies to the beaches of Normandy.
  • 1364 (12/17/1944- 12/5/1945): 27 Sha'aban (8/6/45) The atomic bomb brings an end to World War II. The Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies ends and Indonesia declares independence from The Netherlands. The United Nations is established (10/24)
  • 1365 (12/6/1945-11/24/1946): (1/10) the United Nations opens in New york (2/21) Riots break out in Cairo in protest over British rule (5/7) British and French armies withdraw from Syria

Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are granted independence from Britain and France.

  • 1366 (11/25/1946-11/13/1947): (2/7) Britain announces its plans for the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. On 27 Ramadan, Pakistan is created from the Muslim-majority areas of British India, under the Leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (8/15). Disputes over the status of Kashmir leads to the first Indo-Pakistani War; Kashmir is divided between India and Pakistan.
  • 1367 (11/14/1947-11/2/1948): (11/29) Palestine is formally divided into Arab and Jewish sections (4/22) Zionists capture Haifa (5/14) Zionists establish the State of Israel on 8 Rajab. , Arab nations invade the former British Palestine to attack the new state of Israel and suffer defeat in war with Israel (5/14). Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are displaced. Count Folke Bernadotte is assassinated (9/17)
  • 1368 (11/3/1948-10/22/1949): (1/21/49) Chinese Communist forces under Mao Zedong capture Beijing (2/23) The Rhodes Accord is signed to set a ceasefire between Israel and its Arab neighbors (9/-) The USSR explodes its first atomic bomb (10/1) Communists under Mao declare the Peoples Republic of China

Hasan al-Banna, leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, is assassinated by Egyptian security forces. EastTurkestan Occupied by Chinese communist and gave it new name of Xinjiang.

  • 1369 (10/23/1949-10/12/1950) (4/5) India and Pakistan renew their war; (6/25) North Korea invades South Korea, and United Nations forces respond

[edit] 1370-1379 (Oct. 13, 1950- Jun. 25, 1960)

  • 1370 (1951): Libya becomes independent.
  • 1371 (1952): A republic is declared in Egypt as King Faruq is forced to abdicate.
  • 1372 (9/1952-1953): 9 Dhu al-Hijjah (8/19/53) Backed by American and British intelligence agencies, General Zahedi leads a coup against Mohammed Mossadegh, returning the Shah to power. The foundation stone is laid to enlarge the Prophet's mosque in Medina.
  • 1373 (9/1953-8/54): 2 Rabi I Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud, founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dies after a 27 year reign.
  • 1374 (8/1954-1955) 5 Rabi I Algerian War of Independence begins against the French government as the FLN launches attacks on French military installations (11/1/54)
  • 1375 (8/1955-1956): 17 Dhu al-Hijjah-- Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal after Britain and the United States withdraw funding for the Aswan Dam.

Morocco and Tunisia becomes independent of France.

  • 1376 (8/1956-7/57): 24 Rabi I Britain, France and Israel seize the canal on 10/29/56, and withdraw 2 months later. Enlargement of the Haram in Mecca begins. 26 Dhu al-Hijjah The Bey of Tunisia is deposed, and Bourguiba becomes president.
  • 1377 (7/1957-1958): 5 Safar The Federation of Malaya, later renamed Malaysia, gains independence from Britain. 10 Rabi I (10/4/57) the Space Age begins with the launch of the Sputnik satellite into orbit. 12 Rajab (2/1/58) Nasser of Egypt signs a union with Syria to create the United Arab Republic 26 Dhu al-Hijjah King Faisal II of Iraq is assassinated and Abd al-Karim Qasim establishes a republic (7/14/58)
  • 1378 (7/1958-1959): 23 Rabi I (10/7/58) President Iskander Mirza of Pakistan declares Martial Law. General Ayub Khan assumes the powers as Chief Martial Law Administrator.

[edit] 1380-1389 (Jun. 26, 1960- Mar. 8, 1970)

[edit] 1390-1400 (Mar. 9, 1970- Nov. 8, 1980)

  • 1390 (3/9/1970-2/26/1971) 27 Rajab UAR President Gamel Abdel Nasser dies (9/28/70) and is succeeded by Anwar Sadat.
  • 1391 (2/27/1971-2/15/1972): 28 Muharram (3/26/71) Under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, East Pakistan declares its independence from Pakistan, resulting in the creation of Bangladesh and a third war between India and Pakistan.
  • 1392 (2/16/1972-2/4/1973): 26 Rajab During the Summer Olympic Games in Munich, West Germany, eleven members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by Palestinian terrorist group Black September in what is known as the Munich massacre (9/5)
  • 1393 (2/5/1973-1/24/1974): 17 Muharram King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is overthrown and a republic is proclaimed (2/21). On 9 Ramadan (10/6/73) Yom Kippur War begins with Egypt invading and retaking the Sinai peninsula and while Syria invades the Golan Heights. On 20 Ramadan (10/17) the Islamic nations in OPEC begin an embargo of oil, refusing to ship petroleum to nations that support Israel, causing a worldwide energy crisis
  • 1394 (1/24/1974-1/13/1975)
  • 1395 (1/14/1975-1/3/76): 13 Safar (2/25/75) Death of Elijah Muhammad, leader of Nation of Islam among African Americans in North America. Warith Deen Muhammad assumes leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward Islamic Orthodoxy, renaming it American Muslim Mission. On 12 Rabi I (3/25/75) King Faisal of Saudi Arabia is assassinated by his half-brother's son Faisal bin Musa'id during the majlis traditionally held on the Prophet's birthday. On 4 Dhu al-Hijjah (12/7/75) Indonesia invades and occupies East Timor shortly after Portugal relinquishes control of the colony.
  • 1396 (1/4/1976-12/21/1976)
  • 1397 (12/22/1976-12/11/1977) 7 Dhu al-Hijjah Egypt's President Anwar Sadat travels to Jerusalem to meet with Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin.
  • 1398 (12/12/1977-12/1/1978): Imam Musa Sadr, a Lebanese Shi'a leader is apparently assassinated after he disappears on a trip to Libya. 16 Shawwal (9/17) As part of the Camp David Accords, Egypt becomes the first Arab nation to recognize Israel, which in turn agrees to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.
  • 1399 (12/2/1978-11/20/1979): 3 Rabi I The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Iran after the Iranian Revolution leads to the departure of the Shah of Iran, and establishes an Islamic Republic. 14 Dhu al-Hijjah (11/4/79) Groups of students loyal to the new regime seize control of the American embassy in Tehran and take 66 officials hostage. On the last day of AH 1399, 30 Dhu al-Hijjah religious students in Saudi Arabia seize control of the Haram of Mecca, sparking a two-week standoff with Saudi security forces. The crisis comes to an end when Saudi forces storm the mosque, killing 237 of the 300 men and apprehending the remainder. All surviving conspirators in the plot are publicly executed. . Death of influential Islamist leader Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.
  • 1400 (11/21/1979-11/7/1980): On 7 Safar (12/27/79), the Soviet war in Afghanistan begins as troops of the U.S.S.R. invade from the frontier with Uzbekistan, beginning a 9 year long war resisted by the Mujahideen. 9 Jumada I An unexpected sandstorm thwarts an attempted American invasion of Tehran, Iran (4/25/80). On 12 Dhu al-Hijjah (9/22/80): Iraq invades Iran, beginning the Iran-Iraq war. In a move not recognized internationally, Israel confirms its capital as the united Jerusalem.

[edit] External links