1291
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| Centuries: | 12th century - 13th century - 14th century |
| Decades: | 1260s 1270s 1280s - 1290s - 1300s 1310s 1320s |
| Years: | 1288 1289 1290 - 1291 - 1292 1293 1294 |
| 1291 in topic: |
| Subjects: Architecture - Art |
| Literature - Music - Science |
| Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Births - Deaths - Works |
Year 1291 (MCCXCI) was a common year starting on Monday [1] (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Contents |
[edit] Events of 1291
[edit] Europe
- Spring: Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi set sail from Genoa with the goal of reaching India; they never return.
- May 10 - Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England in mediating resolution of the succession crisis created by the death of King Alexander III of Scotland five years prior.
- August - According to tradition, the Swiss Confederation is formed by Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden, the "three forest cantons" when they enact the Federal Charter of 1291.
- Sancho IV of Castile captures Tarifa from the Moors.
- The Habsburgs acquire the Swiss city of Lucerne.
- Pope Nicholas IV confirms the independence of San Marino via papal bull.
- All glassmakers in Venice are forced to moved to the island of Murano in order to contain the risk of fire, thus establishing the glass industry there.
- Klenová Castle is constructed in southern Bohemia as part of a frontier defense system.
- King Andrew III of Hungary gives royal town privileges to Bratislava, the present-day capital of Slovakia.
[edit] Asia
- May 18 - Mamluk Sultan of Egypt Khalil captures Acre, thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (the final Christian landholding remaining from the Crusades), and ending the Ninth Crusade and effectively all Crusades, by eliminating the possibility of further attacks on the Holy Land (see Siege of Acre (1291)).
- The artificial Kunming Lake is constructed as a reservoir for Beijing in Yuan Dynasty China by famous engineer and astronomer Guo Shoujing.
- Emperor Kameyama of Japan establishes the Zen Buddhist temple of Nanzenji in Kyoto.
| Gregorian calendar | 1291 MCCXCI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2044 |
| Armenian calendar | 740 ԹՎ ՉԽ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -553 – -552 |
| Berber calendar | 2241 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1835 |
| Burmese calendar | 653 |
| Chinese calendar | 3927/3987-11-30 (庚寅年十一月三十日) — to —
3928/3988-12-10(辛卯年十二月初十日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1007 – 1008 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1283 – 1284 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5051 – 5052 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1346 – 1347 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1213 – 1214 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4392 – 4393 |
| Holocene calendar | 11291 |
| Iranian calendar | 669 – 670 |
| Islamic calendar | 689 – 691 |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 3624 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1834 |
[edit] Births
- February 8 - King Afonso IV of Portugal (d. 1357)
- October 31 - Philippe de Vitry, French composer (d. 1361)
- Pope Clement VI (d. 1352)
- Theodore I of Montferrat (d. 1338)
- Aimone of Savoy (d. 1343)
- Also see Category:1291 births.
[edit] Deaths
- March 10 - Arghun, Mongol ruler
- June 18 - King Alfonso III of Aragon (b. 1265)
- June 26 - Eleanor of Provence, queen of Henry III of England
- July 15 - Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1218)
- Hong Dagu, Korean military leader (b. 1244)
- Talabuga, khan of the Blue Horde
- Also see Category:1291 deaths.
[edit] Notes
- ^ "Calendar - Portugal - 1291" (Julian calendar), Time and Date AS / Steffen Thorsen, 2008, webpage: TimeandDate-calendar-1291-Portugal.
