10 m Air Pistol
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| 10 m Air Pistol | |
|---|---|
| Men | |
| Number of shots: | 60 + 10 |
| Olympic Games: | Since 1988 |
| World Championships: | Since 1970 |
| Abbreviation: | AP60 |
| Women | |
| Number of shots: | 40 + 10 |
| Olympic Games: | Since 1988 |
| World Championships: | Since 1970 |
| Abbreviation: | AP40 |
10 m Air Pistol is one of the ISSF shooting events. It is similar to 10 m Air Rifle in that the programme consists of 60 shots within 105 minutes for men, and 40 shots within 75 minutes for women. It is also similar to 50 m Pistol despite the shorter distance and the use of air guns, and most top-level shooters compete in both events.
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[edit] Range and target
The air pistol range is the same as the air rifle range, giving each shooter a table, a 1 metre wide firing point, and a 10 metre distance between its front, marked with a line on the floor, and the target line.[1] The current rules require ranges to be built indoors,[2] with specified minimum requirements for artificial lighting.[3] Many of the top-level competitions are held at temporary ranges installed in versatile sporting facilities, convention centres or similar.
The target, 17 by 17 cm, is traditionally made of light-coloured cardboard upon which scoring lines, and a black aiming mark consisting of the score zones 7 through 10, are printed.[4] There is also an inner ten ring, but the number of inner tens is only used for tie-breaking in very rare cases.[5] The changing of these traditional targets is handled by each shooter, by means of electronic – or more archaically, manually-operated – carrier devices.[6] In major competitions, only one shot may be fired on each target,[7] a number that can increase to two, five or even ten with lowering level and importance of the competition. Used targets are collected by range officials to be scored in a separate office.[8]
During the last few decades, these paper targets have been gradually replaced by electronic target systems, immediately displaying the results on monitors. When using these systems, actual scoring lines are not printed, but the location of the impact hole (which can be determined acoustically) is automatically converted into corresponding scores by a computer. ISSF rules now require the use of these systems in top-level competitions.[9] They are generally used in other international competitions as well, and in some countries they are even common in national competitions.
[edit] Equipment
The pistol must be gas-driven, operated by only one hand from a standing position, and may only be loaded with one pellet at a time.[10] The caliber used is 4.5 mm (.177 in), the minimum trigger pull weight is 500 g, half that of a standard pistol, and the grip restrictions are similar to standard pistols, but the box in which the pistol must fit is much larger: 42 by 20 by 5 cm.[11] This allows for longer sight lines and also gives room for cocking arms, although with a few exceptions (such as the Baikal IZH-46M) modern match air pistols use pre-filled air, or less commonly carbon dioxide, containers.
As in other ISSF pistol events, special supportive clothing and shoes are not permitted.[12] Optical aids are allowed as long as they are not mounted on the pistol, which may only have open sights.[13] Ear protection is recommended both by the ISSF[14] and by coaches,[15][16] not least for the ability to shut out distractions.
[edit] Course of fire
[edit] Qualification
For the qualification stage, the shooters are divided as necessary into relays.[17] Each relay starts with a ten-minute preparation time,[18] followed by the "Start" command, indicating the start of the competition time.[19] Before the competition shots, but within the time limit, the shooter may fire an unlimited number of sighting shots at specially marked targets.[20] Men and junior men shoot 60 shots (105 minutes) at all major competitions, while women and junior women shoot 40 (75 minutes).[21] At minor competitions, there may be other numbers of shots and time limits.
[edit] Final
A final is included in most championships, although not in the World Junior Championships. The top eight shooters advance to the final.[22] In case of a tie for eighth place, shooters with better ending are preferred.[23] The final consists of ten shots, and the score zones are divided into tenths (by means of a special gauge, in the absence of automatic scoring devices), so that each hit can give up to 10.9 points. After a three-minute preparation time, during which the shooters are introduced to the audience, and a five-minute sighting shot period, separate commands are given for each competition shot, with a time limit of 75 seconds per shot.[24] The final score is added to the qualification score with the aggregate deciding the final ranking.[25] Any post-final ties are broken by a single extra shot.[26]
[edit] History
The air pistol event was introduced on the World Championship level in 1970,[27] and on the Olympic programme in 1988.[28] Before 1985, when finals began to be used, championships were decided by the results of the 40 or 60 shot match. Before 1982, the men's programme also consisted of 40 shots.[27]
In 1989, the sizes of the score zones were somewhat lowered, also lowering the scores (although not by much), and thereby resetting all records. Whereas air rifle shooting has seen a massive result increase in the decades after this, the same has not happened in air pistol, and Sergei Pyzhianov's world record of 593 points, set in the first World Cup Final with the new targets, remains unbeaten.[29]
Although competitions are no longer held outdoors, the most important competitions (Olympics, World Championships, ISSF World Cups) are still scheduled for the Northern Hemisphere summer season because they are combined with outdoor events. Many lesser international events, however, are held during the European indoor season between October and March, culminating in the European Championships each year. Most of these competitions are multi-day events held together with air rifle matches.[30]
[edit] Current world records
| Current world records in 10 m Air Pistol | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Qualification | 593 |  Sergei Pyzhianov (URS) |
October 13, 1989 | Munich (FRG) | edit | ||
| Final | 695.1 | Sergei Pyzhianov (URS) (593+102.1) |
October 13, 1989 | Munich (FRG) | edit | |||
| Teams | 1759 |  Russia (Ekimov, Isakov, Nestruev) |
March 16, 2007 | Deauville (FRA) | edit | |||
| Junior Men | Individual | 588 | Leonid Ekimov (RUS) |
March 16, 2007 | Deauville (FRA) | edit | ||
| Teams | 1726 |  Ukraine (Chudak, Kudriya, Rybovalov) Russia (Chervyakovskiy, Ekimov, Levichev) China (Mai, Pu, Yu) |
March 15, 2001 March 2, 2006 July 23, 2006 |
Pontevedra (ESP) Moscow (RUS) Zagreb (CRO) |
edit | |||
| Women | Qualification | 393 | Svetlana Smirnova (RUS) |
May 23, 1998 | Munich (GER) | edit | ||
| Final | 493.5 | Ren Jie (CHN) (390+103.5) |
May 22, 1999 | Munich (GER) | edit | |||
| Teams | 1161 | Russia (Khomileva, Logvinenko, Smirnova) China (Chen, Guo, Tao) |
August 5, 1993 December 3, 2006 |
Brno (CZE) Doha (QAT) |
edit | |||
| Junior Women | Individual | 391 |  Marija Mladenović (YUG) |
June 19, 1995 | Milan (ITA) | edit | ||
| Teams | 1146 | China (Fei, Sun, Wang) |
July 8, 2002 | Lahti (FIN) | edit | |||
[edit] World and Olympic Champions
[edit] Men
- Further information: List of Olympic medalists in shooting: 10 m Air Pistol
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[edit] Women
- Further information: List of Olympic medalists in shooting: 10 m Air Pistol
| Year | Venue | Individual | Team | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Phoenix |  Sally Carroll (USA) |
 Soviet Union |
|
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| 1974 | Thun | Zinaida Simonian (URS) |
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| 1978 | Seoul |  Kerstin Hansson (SWE) |
Sweden |
||
| 1979 | Seoul | Ruby Fox (USA) |
United States |
||
| 1981 | Santo Domingo | Nonna Kalinina (URS) |
Soviet Union |
||
| 1982 | Caracas | Marina Dobrantcheva (URS) |
Soviet Union |
||
| 1983 | Innsbruck | Kerstin Bodin (SWE) |
Sweden |
||
| 1985 | Mexico City | Marina Dobrantcheva (URS) |
Soviet Union |
||
| 1986 | Suhl |  Anke Voelker (GDR) |
Soviet Union |
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| 1987 | Budapest |  Jasna Brajković (YUG) |
Soviet Union |
Junior Women | |
| 1988 | Seoul | Jasna Šekarić (YUG) |
Individual | Team | |
| 1989 | Sarajevo | Nino Salukvadze (URS) |
 West Germany |
 Miroslawa Sagun (POL) |
Poland |
| 1990 | Moscow | Jasna Šekarić (YUG) |
Soviet Union |
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| 1991 | Stavanger | Marina Logvinenko (URS) |
Soviet Union |
Stefanie Koch (GER) |
 France |
| 1992 | Barcelona |  Marina Logvinenko (EUN) |
|||
| 1994 | Milan | Jasna Šekarić (YUG) |
China |
Karen Macary (FRA) |
 Denmark |
| 1996 | Atlanta | Olga Klochneva (RUS) |
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| 1998 | Barcelona |  Dorjsürengiin Mönkhbayar (MGL) |
Russia |
 Viktoria Chaika (BLR) |
 Hungary |
| 2000 | Sydney | Tao Luna (CHN) |
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| 2002 | Lahti | Olena Kostevych (UKR) |
Russia |
Katarzyna Szymanska (POL) |
China |
| 2004 | Athens | Olena Kostevych (UKR) |
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| 2006 | Zagreb | Natalia Paderina (RUS) |
China |
 Brankica Zarić (SRB) |
China |
[edit] References
- ^ ISSF rules 6.3.12 and 6.3.15
- ^ ISSF rule 6.3.6.3.4
- ^ ISSF rule 6.3.15.4
- ^ ISSF rule 6.3.2.6
- ^ ISSF rule 8.12.2
- ^ ISSF rule 8.6.3.1.1.1
- ^ ISSF rule 8.15.0
- ^ ISSF rule 8.6.3.1.1.2
- ^ ISSF rule 3.5.1.4
- ^ ISSF rule 8.4.3.1
- ^ ISSF rule 8.16.0
- ^ ISSF rule 8.4.7
- ^ ISSF rule 8.4.2.3
- ^ ISSF rule 8.2.8
- ^ Air Gun Shooting Sports Safety Guide, National Rifle Association, p. 5, <http://www.nrahq.org/education/airgun_safetyguide-1.pdf>. Retrieved on 4 June 2008
- ^ Nesbitt, Graeme, Air Pistol Shooting: beginner to club level shooter, <http://www.tetrathlon.ca/marksmanship.pdf>. Retrieved on 4 June 2008
- ^ ISSF rule 8.7.2
- ^ ISSF rule 8.6.4.1
- ^ ISSF rule 8.6.4.4.1
- ^ ISSF rule 8.6.4.4.2
- ^ ISSF rule 8.15.0
- ^ ISSF rule 8.14.2.1
- ^ ISSF rule 8.12.2
- ^ ISSF rules 8.14.4 – 8.14.6
- ^ ISSF rule 8.14.7
- ^ ISSF rule 8.14.8
- ^ a b World Championships, International Shooting Sport Federation, <http://www.issf-shooting.org/championships/world_championships.asp#ap10>. Retrieved on 4 June 2008
- ^ List of Olympic medalists, International Shooting Sport Federation, <http://www.issf-shooting.org/_data/medallist/ALL_OG_Medallists_1896_2000.pdf>. Retrieved on 4 June 2008
- ^ Men's world records, International Shooting Sport Federation, <http://www.issf-shooting.org/update/_records.asp?record=WR&gender=M>. Retrieved on 4 June 2008
- ^ ESC Calendar, European Shooting Confederation, <http://www.esc-shooting.org/info/calendar.htm>. Retrieved on 4 June 2008
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