Škoda Works

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For the car manufacturer, see Škoda Auto

Škoda Holding

Type	Private
Founded	1859
Headquarters	Plzeň, Czech Republic
Industry	Conglomerates
Products	turbines electric locomotives low-floor trams underground trains trolleybuses
Revenue	▲ €262 million (2005)
Employees	3,600
Website	www.skoda.cz

Škoda Works (Czech: Škodovy závody; today Škoda Holding, a.s. plus a variety of small companies in the Czech and Slovak republics whose names still contain the name Škoda) was the largest industrial enterprise in Austria-Hungary and later in Czechoslovakia, one of its successor states. It was also one of the largest industrial conglomerates in Europe in the 20th century.

1 History
- 1.1 Before and during WWII
- 1.2 After WWII
2 Present production
3 See also
4 External links

[edit] History

The company was founded by the noble family Waldstein in 1859 and was bought by Emil Škoda in Plzeň in 1869. It soon established itself as Austria-Hungary's leading arms manufacturer. It produced among others heavy guns for the navy, mountain guns or mortars as well as locomotives, aircraft, ships, machine tools, steam turbines and equipment for power utilities.

[edit] Before and during WWII

Panzer 35(t) tank

Škoda manufactured the world's first triple-barrelled gun turrets for the Tegetthoff class of battleships of the Austro-Hungarian navy. Prior to World War II Škoda also produced LT-35 and LT-38 tanks, which are better known under their German labels Panzer 35(t) and Panzer 38(t). These tanks were originally produced for the Czechoslovak army and their production continued during the occupation by Nazi Germany. They were used extensively by the Wehrmacht in the Polish campaign, the Battle of France and also in German invasion of the Soviet Union.

Mountain guns produced by Škoda:	Other weapons produced by Škoda:
* Škoda 75 mm Model 15 Škoda 75 mm Model 1928 Škoda 75 mm Model 1936 Škoda 75 mm Model 1939 Škoda 100 mm Model 1916 Škoda 100 mm Model 16/19 Škoda 105 mm Model 1939 Škoda 150 mm Model 1918	Skoda 37 mm Model 1934 Skoda 37 mm Model 1937 Skoda 37 mm A7 Skoda 149 mm K-series Skoda 149 mm K1 / Model 1933 Skoda 149 mm K4 / Model 1937 Škoda 305 mm Model 1911

[edit] After WWII

Škoda 14 Tr trolley bus in Vilnius

ES499.1 locomotive

After WWII, in 1945 (the year when nationalisation efforts began in Czechoslovakia and when the Communists started to come to power) Škoda was nationalized and many sections were split from the company (e.g. the car works in Mladá Boleslav - Škoda Auto, the aircraft plant in Prague, some factories in Slovakia, and other plants producing food-industry equipment). The company was renamed Závody Vladimíra Iljiče Lenina (Vladimir Lenin Plants) in 1951, but since the new name caused losses of sales abroad, the name was changed back to Škoda in 1953. The factory concentrated on markets in Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc. The company had produced wide range of heavy machinery (such as nuclear reactors and locomotives). Lack of updates to its product designs and infrastructure had considerably weakened the company's competitive position and its brand.

Since 1962 Škoda became well known in the USSR and other countries as a trolley bus manufacturer, beginning to export Škoda 9 Tr, one of its most successful trolley buses. The successor, Škoda 14 Tr, manufactured between 1982 and 1997, is still widely used, for example, in post-Soviet states.

In 1978 the company was turned into the government-owned group of companies ("koncern") Škoda. It was based in Plzeň and consisted of the companies: První brněnská strojírna [First Machine Works of Brno], ČKD Blansko, ČKD Dukla Praha-Karlín in Prague, Slovenské energetické strojárne S. M. Kirova [Slovak S. M. Kirov Energy Machine Works] in Tlmače, and Výzkumný ústav energetických zařízení [Energy Facilities Research Institute] in Brno.

After the communist party lost power in late 1989, the company was privatized into the hands of management. Mismanagement and assets stripping led to collapse - the company was restructured and some factories closed. Except for some smaller companies named Škoda and Škoda Auto, after the chaotic 1990s period the Czech Škoda companies were put together (again) within the holding company Škoda Holding, a.s. in 2000.